Sobczyk v. Secretary of Health and Human Services

In the United States Court of Federal Claims
OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
No. 18-917V
Filed: June 26, 2019
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
JESSICA SOBCZYK, on behalf of I.S. a * UNPUBLISHED
minor *
*
Petitioner, * Decision on Attorneys’ Fees and Costs;
v. * Reasonable Basis; Denial
*
SECRETARY OF HEALTH *
AND HUMAN SERVICES, *
*
Respondent. *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Mark Sadaka, Esq., Mark T. Sadaka, LLC, Englewood, NJ, for petitioner.
Julia Collison, Esq., U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent.
DECISION ON ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS1
Roth, Special Master:
On June 26, 2018, Jessica Sobcyzk (“Ms. Sobcyzk” or “petitioner”) filed a petition for
compensation under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program2 on behalf of her minor
child, I.S. Petitioner alleged that I.S. received pneumococcal conjugate, rotavirus, diphtheria-
tetanus-acellular pertussis (“DTaP”), haemophilus influenzae b (“Hib”), and inactivated poliovirus
(“IPV”) vaccinations on July 31, 2015, and later suffered from “idiopathic left hemispheric
seizures, focal seizure emanating from the left hemisphere, and encephalopathy.” Petition (“Pet.”)
1
Although this Decision has been formally designated “unpublished,” it will nevertheless be posted on the
Court of Federal Claims’s website, in accordance with the E-Government Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-
347, 116 Stat. 2899, 2913 (codified as amended at 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2006)). This means the Decision
will be available to anyone with access to the internet. However, the parties may object to the Decision’s
inclusion of certain kinds of confidential information. Specifically, under Vaccine Rule 18(b), each party
has fourteen days within which to request redaction “of any information furnished by that party: (1) that is
a trade secret or commercial or financial in substance and is privileged or confidential; or (2) that includes
medical files or similar files, the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
privacy.” Vaccine Rule 18(b). Otherwise, the whole Decision will be available to the public. Id.
2
National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755. Hereinafter, for ease
of citation, all “§” references to the Vaccine Act will be to the pertinent subparagraph of 42 U.S.C. § 300aa
(2012).
at 1, ECF No. 1. Petitioner alleged that I.S.’s vaccinations either caused or significantly aggravated
these conditions. Id. On March 18, 2019, I issued a Decision dismissing the petition. ECF No. 18.
On May 13, 2019, petitioner filed a Motion for Attorneys’ Fees and Costs (“Motion for Fees”).
ECF No. 24. Respondent opposed an award of attorneys’ fees and costs on the grounds that the
petition lacked reasonable basis. See ECF No. 25. For the reasons discussed below, petitioner’s
Motion is hereby DENIED.
I. Background
A. Summary of Relevant Medical Records
I.S. was born on March 25, 2015. Pet. Ex. 5 at 45. On June 4, 2015, I.S. was presented to
Medical Center Pediatrics for her two-month well-child check. Pet. Ex. 4 at 5. She received
pneumococcal conjugate, rotavirus, DTaP, Hib, and IPV vaccinations without event. Id. at 3.
On July 31, 2015, I.S. was presented to Dr. Jacobsen at Through the Years Pediatrics for
her four-month well-child check. Pet. Ex. 5 at 21. I.S. was noted to have a red rash on her right
armpit and ingrown toenails. Id. The rash was assessed as candidiasis and I.S.’s parents were
recommended to “apply [an] antifungal cream such as lotrimin” to the affected area. Id. at 23.
I.S.’s exam was otherwise normal, and she was deemed to be a “well child.” Id. She received
pneumococcal conjugate, rotavirus, DTaP, IPV, and Hib vaccinations. Id. at 24.
According to petitioner, in the days after I.S. received her July 31, 2015 vaccinations, she
started to cry more frequently “for hours on end.” See Petitioner’s Affidavit, filed as Pet. Ex. 9, at
1-2. I.S. also began making “karate chop” motions with her arms. Id. at 2. She would stop making
eye contact and would be unresponsive. Id.
On Tuesday, August 18, 2015, I.S.’s father telephoned Through the Years Pediatrics and
stated that “he thinks child had a seizure an hour ago.” Pet. Ex. 5 at 18. He reported that I.S. was
“acting weird,” staring off into space, did not react when he waived his hand in front of her face,
did not focus, was flushed, and was stiff for about 10 seconds. Id. He was advised to bring I.S. to
the pediatrician. Id. I.S. was presented to Dr. Anguiano later that day for “possible seizure.” Id. at
19. I.S.’s father reported that I.S. had rolled off of the couch on Friday; she cried a little and then
was fine. Id. She vomited on Saturday; her father stated that she “does that every once and a while”
due to acid reflux. Id. He reported that I.S. had been fussy that morning and thought it was pain
due to teething, so he gave her Tylenol. Id. He further reported that I.S. had rhinorrhea, congestion,
and rashes on her underarms. Id. He did not report “karate chop” motions, excessive crying or
colic, or previous periods of unresponsiveness. Upon exam, I.S. was responsive and playful; she
was noted to have rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and erythema. Id. at 19-20. The assessment was
an “acute episode” of “abnormal tonic activity;” Dr. Anguiano noted that it was unlikely to be
related to I.S.’s fall but that should be considered. Id. at 20. An EEG was scheduled for the
following day. I.S.’s father was instructed to call if he had any concerns or if I.S. was not acting
well. Id. The rash appeared to be consistent with candidiasis. Id. Dr. Anguiano recommended nasal
saline and suction for the congestion, and Lotrimin or miconazole for the candidiasis. Id.
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Petitioner telephoned Through the Years Pediatrics four days later, on August 22, 2015;
she reported that I.S. “blanks out frequently.” Pet. Ex. 5 at 18. Petitioner asked whether she should
take I.S. to the emergency room and was “advised to wait for the EEG on Monday.” Id.
On August 27, 2015, I.S. was presented to Dr. Gross, a pediatric neurologist. He noted that
I.S.’s parents were “very good historians” who told him, “Everything was going beautifully until
approximately 10 days ago,” when they noticed that I.S. was having staring episodes lasting 30 to
40 seconds. Pet. Ex. 3 at 5. They did not report karate chop motions, excessive crying or colic, or
previous episodes of unresponsiveness after the July 31, 2015 vaccines. Dr. Gross noted that I.S.’s
EEG was “suggestive of focal seizures,” and started I.S. on Trileptal. Id. at 5-6.
On September 9, 2015, I.S.’s mother telephoned Through the Years Pediatrics to discuss
further vaccinations for I.S. The call note stated, “[M]om stated that [at] her last visit, we given
(sic) the patient vaccines, and two weeks later, patient developed seizures…” Pet. Ex. 5 at 13. A
note from Dr. Jacobson stated, “…at this time [I] would likely recommend [I.S.] receive rotavirus,
PCV#13, Hep B #3, and if able IPV and Hib separately and either DtaP or give her Dt.” Id.
At a follow-up appointment with Dr. Gross on September 17, 2015, I.S. was noted to be
“seizure-free ever since starting Trileptal.” Pet. Ex. 3 at 4. I.S. received a flu vaccine without event
on September 28, 2015. Pet. Ex. 5 at 11. A brain MRI was performed on October 22, 2015 and
was unremarkable. Pet. Ex. 3 at 9. I.S. received a second flu vaccine on October 28, 2015, without
event. Pet. Ex. 5 at 8. I.S. received Hib, IPV, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccinations on January
6, 2016, without event. Pet Ex. 5 at 4. Her parents were “holding DTaP for now…” Id. In the
following months, I.S. received additional childhood vaccinations without event. See Pet. Ex. 2 at
56; Pet. Ex. 7 at 2-3. At a follow-up appointment on August 1, 2017, Dr. Gross noted that I.S. had
“now gone almost two years seizure-free.” Pet. Ex. 8 at 1.
B. Procedural History
The petition was filed alone on June 26, 2018. ECF No. 1. Petitioner filed medical records
and an affidavit on July 11, 2018. Petitioner’s Exhibits (“Pet. Ex.”) 1-8, ECF No. 7; Affidavit,
ECF No. 8. Petitioner filed additional medical records via CD on August 24, 2018, and a Statement
of Completion on August 27, 2018. Pet. Ex. 10-20, ECF No. 9; Statement of Completion, ECF
No. 10.
Respondent filed his Rule 4(c) Report (“Resp. Rpt.”) on November 6, 2018, recommending
against compensation in this matter. ECF No. 12. Respondent stated, “Petitioner’s affidavit
describes behavioral changes beginning the day after I.S.’s July 2015 vaccinations that…are not
substantiated by the medical records.” Id. at 10. Respondent observed that the medical records
reflected an onset of seizures eighteen days after I.S. receiving the allegedly causal vaccinations.
Id. at 11, n.7. Respondent further submitted there was no “reliable evidence of a medically
appropriate temporal relationship between I.S.’s vaccinations and the onset of her seizures
eighteen days later.” Id. at 11 (emphasis in original).
I issued an Order on November 9, 2018, with a detailed summary of I.S.’s medical records.
Scheduling Order at 1-2, ECF No. 13. I observed that, according to the medical records, “I.S.’s
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parents consistently placed the onset of her symptoms on or around August 18, 2015.” Id. at 2.
Petitioner was reminded of the presumption of accuracy afforded to contemporaneous medical
records. Id. Petitioner was ordered to file a status report indicating how she intended to proceed.
Id. at 3.
Following an extension of time, petitioner filed a status report (“Pet. S.R.”) on February
13, 2019. Motion for Extension of Time, ECF No. 14; Non-PDF Order, dated Jan. 15, 2019; Pet.
S.R., ECF No. 15. Petitioner requested the opportunity “to file a motion to dismiss the petition.”
Pet. S.R. at 1.
Petitioner filed a Motion to Dismiss the petition on March 15, 2019. ECF No. 17. On March
18, 2019, the undersigned issued a Decision dismissing the petition for insufficient proof.
Decision, ECF No. 18.
On May 13, 2019 petitioner filed a Motion for Attorneys’ Fees and Costs. Motion for Fees,
ECF No. 24. Petitioner requests attorneys’ fees in the amount of $15,018.09 and attorneys’ costs
in the amount of $495.66 for a total amount of $15,513.75. Motion for Fees, Ex. A, at 9-10. In
accordance with General Order #9, petitioner’s counsel represents that petitioner did not incur any
out-of-pocket expenses. ECF No. 23.
On May 14, 2019 respondent filed a response to petitioner’s Motion for Fees. Response,
ECF No. 25. Respondent submitted that petitioner did not have a reasonable basis to file this claim.
Petitioner filed a Reply on May 20, 2019. ECF No. 26.
This matter is now ripe for decision.
II. Legal Framework
The Vaccine Act permits an award of “reasonable attorneys’ fees” and “other costs.”
§ 15(e)(1). If a petitioner succeeds on the merits of his or her claim, he or she is entitled to an
award of reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs. Id.; see Sebelius v. Cloer, 133 S. Ct. 1886, 1891
(2013). However, a petitioner need not prevail on entitlement to receive a fee award as long as the
petition was brought in “good faith” and there was a “reasonable basis” for the claim to proceed.
§ 15(e)(1).
Good faith is a subjective inquiry that questions whether petitioner’s counsel exercised
adept professional judgment in determining whether a petitioner may be entitled to compensation.
Chuisano v. United States, 116 Fed. Cl. 276, 286 (2014) (citations omitted). In the absence of a
showing of bad faith, petitioners in the Vaccine Program are “entitled to a presumption of good
faith.” Grice v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 36 Fed. Cl. 114, 121 (1996).
Reasonable basis is an objective standard determined by evaluating the sufficiency of the
medical records in petitioner’s possession at the time the claim is filed. However, “a claim may
have had a reasonable basis at the time of its filing, [but] reasonableness may later come into
question if new evidence becomes available or the lack of supporting evidence becomes apparent.”
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Chuisano, 116 Fed. Cl. at 288 (internal citations omitted). Ultimately, reasonable basis considers
the “totality of the circumstances” and “looks not at the likelihood of success” but rather “the
feasibility of the claim.” Id. at 286, 288. “Special masters have historically been quite generous in
finding reasonable basis for petitions.” Turpin v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 99-564V,
2005 WL 1026714, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Feb. 10, 2005).
The Federal Circuit denied an award of attorney’s fees based on petitioner’s lack of
reasonable basis in Simmons v. Secretary of Health and Human Services. 875 F.3d 632, 636 (Fed.
Cir. 2017). In Simmons, the Federal Circuit determined that petitioner lacked reasonable basis for
filing a claim when, at the time of filing: (1) petitioner’s counsel failed to file proof of vaccination,
(2) there was no evidence of a diagnosis or persistent injury allegedly related to a vaccine in
petitioner’s medical records, and (3) the petitioner had disappeared for approximately two years
prior to the filing of the petition and only resurfaced shortly before the statute of limitations
deadline on his claim expired. See id. at 634-35. The Federal Circuit specifically stated that the
reasonable basis inquiry is objective and unrelated to counsel’s conduct prior to filing a claim. The
Court consequently affirmed the lower court’s holding that petitioner’s counsel lacked reasonable
basis in filing this claim based on the insufficiency of petitioner’s medical records and proof of
vaccination at the time the petition was filed. Id. at 636.
In light of Simmons, the Court of Federal Claims determined, “[I]n deciding reasonable
basis[,] the Special Master needs to focus on the requirements for the petition under the Vaccine
Act to determine if the elements have been asserted with sufficient evidence to make a feasible
claim for recovery. . . Under the objective standard articulated in Simmons, the Special Master
should have limited her review to the claim alleged in the petition to determine if it was feasible
based on the materials submitted.” Santacroce v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-555V,
2018 WL 405121, at *7 (Fed. Cl. 2018). When evaluating a case’s reasonable basis, petitioner’s
“burden [in demonstrating reasonable basis] has been satisfied . . . where a petitioner has submitted
a sworn statement, medical records, and [a] VAERS report which show that recovery is feasible.”
Id. Moreover, the special master may consider various objective factors including “the factual
basis of the claim, the novelty of the vaccine, and the novelty of the theory of causation.”
Amankwaa v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 138 Fed. Cl. 282, 289 (2018).
III. Analysis
Petitioner submitted that her claim maintained reasonable basis throughout the proceeding
because a claim of seizure disorder “within days” after receiving pneumococcal, rotavirus, IPV,
DTaP, and Hib vaccinations is “feasible.” Motion at 4.
Respondent submitted that petitioner’s claim never had a reasonable basis and all
attorneys’ fees should be denied. Response at 5. According to respondent, petitioner’s allegation
in the Petition that the onset of I.S.’s seizures occurred a “few days” after vaccination was not
supported by objective evidence. Id. Respondent stated, “…the contemporaneous medical records
consistently demonstrate that I.S.’s first symptoms occurred on or about August 18, 2015, eighteen
days post-vaccination.” Id. (internal citations omitted). Respondent submitted that an onset
occurring more than two weeks post-vaccination was unreasonable, adding that a “diligent pre-
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filing investigation of the medical records would have established that this claim was not feasible
and should not have been filed.” Id. at 6.
In her Reply, petitioner elaborated that the petition was “reasonable on its face” because it
was “a seizure case with a two-week onset at the most.” Reply at 1. Petitioner cited to McCulloch
v. Sec’y of Health & Human Services as a claim that “was successfully brought by [a] petitioner
who argued more than a two-week onset between vaccination and seizure.” Id.; McCulloch, No.
09-293V, 2015 WL 3640610 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. May 22, 2015). Petitioner also pointed to the
affidavit she submitted, in which she described I.S.’s “repetitive motions…similar to the
documented seizure activity…” to support an onset of symptoms within two weeks of vaccination.
Id. at 1-2.
In order to determine whether there was a reasonable basis for this claim, some analysis of
the claim itself is required. As a preliminary matter, there was a conflict between the onset of I.S.’s
seizures as documented in the medical records and the onset of I.S.’s seizures as represented by
petitioner in her affidavit. The medical records filed in this matter indicate that both of I.S.’s
parents repeatedly represented to I.S.’s treating physicians at the time of presentation that I.S.’s
symptoms began on or around August 18, more than two weeks after I.S. received the allegedly
causal vaccinations. Scheduling Order at 2-3, ECF No. 13. On August 18, 2015, when I.S.’s father
presented I.S. for examination due to “acting weird” and “staring off into space,” he reported that
she had vomited the previous Saturday, August 15, had rolled off of the couch the previous Friday,
August 14, and was fussy that morning, which he believed was from teething and gave her Tylenol.
Pet. Ex. 5 at 18-19. He further reported rhinorrhea, congestion, and rashes under I.S.’s arms. Id. at
19. Despite the depth of the details he reported on that date, he did not report “karate chop
motions,” excessive crying or colic, or prior unresponsiveness in the past 18 days, nor did he
mention her vaccinations. Id. Though petitioner affirmed after the filing of the Petition that, a few
days after receiving the allegedly causal vaccinations, I.S. began making “karate chop” motions
with her arms, which, according to petitioner, were indicative of seizures, she never mentioned
any of these behaviors to any treating physician. Pet. Ex. 9 at 2.
Contemporaneous medical records are presumed to be accurate and complete. Cucuras v.
Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 993 F.2d 1525, 1528 (Fed. Cir. 1993). Additionally,
contemporaneous medical records may be considered more persuasive than a petitioner’s affidavit
created years after the fact. See Gerami v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 12-442V, 2013
WL 5998109, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Oct. 11, 2013) (finding that contemporaneously
documented medical evidence was more persuasive than the letter prepared for litigation
purposes), mot. for rev. denied, 127 Fed. Cl. 299 (2014). A review of the billing records reveals
that this matter was being investigated over an 18-month period prior to filing. The discrepancy
between petitioner’s recitation of the events following the vaccinations and those contained in
I.S.’s medical records were irreconcilably at odds. Furthermore, the medical records contained no
information from which I.S. could meet the criteria for a Table encephalopathy, nor was there any
reference to fever, or other behavior to connect a seizure to vaccinations 18 days later.
The Vaccine Injury Table states that encephalopathy occurring within 72 hours of a DTaP
vaccination in a child younger than 18 months old is considered a Table injury. See 42 C.F.R. §
100.3(a)(II)(B); 42 C.F.R. § 100.3 (c)(2)(i)(A). It is not a Table injury for pneumococcal, IPV,
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Hib, or rotavirus vaccines. However, the Table specifies, “Seizures in themselves are not sufficient
to constitute a diagnosis of encephalopathy and in the absence of other evidence of an acute
encephalopathy[,] seizures shall not be viewed as the first symptom or manifestation of an acute
encephalopathy.” 4.2. C.F.R. § 100.3(c)(2)(i)(D). To meet the Table criteria for an acute
encephalopathy following a seizure, the vaccinee must demonstrate “a significantly decreased
level of consciousness that lasts at least 24 hours and cannot be attributed to a postictal state –
from a seizure or a medication.” 42 C.F.R. § 100.3(c)(2)(i)(A)(2). According to the
contemporaneous medical records, I.S. did not have a seizure within 72 hours of receiving the
DTaP vaccination, nor did her parents describe a significantly decreased level of consciousness
lasting at least 24 hours following vaccination.
Petitioners have prevailed in off-Table claims alleging vaccinations caused seizures where
the seizure occurred in conjunction with a post-vaccination fever. See, e.g., Adams ex rel. Adams
v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 76 Fed. Cl. 23, 41 (2007) (Infant who developed febrile seizure
within 24 hours of receiving a pneumococcal vaccination was entitled to compensation); Tembenis
ex rel. estate of Tembenis v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 03-2820V, 2010 WL 5164324,
at *1, 2, 4, 15 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Nov. 29, 2010) (Vaccinee who developed fever and seizures
within 12 hours of receiving a DTaP vaccination was entitled to compensation); Johnson v. Sec’y
of Health & Human Servs., No. 07-138V, 2010 WL 3291932, at *15 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 30,
2010) (Family was entitled to compensation where infant received DTaP, Hib, hepatitis B, IPV,
and pneumococcal vaccinations, had a low-grade fever for two days after vaccination, and seizures
four days after vaccination); Teller v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 06-804V, 2009 WL
255622, at *2, 5 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Jan. 13, 2009) (Vaccinee who developed fever and seizures
within 4 hours of receiving DTaP, IPV, hepatitis B, pneumococcal, and Hib vaccinations was
entitled to compensation); Simon v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 05-941V, 2007 WL
1772062, at *2, 25 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 1, 2007) (Vaccinee who developed fever and seizures
within 12 hours of receiving a DTaP vaccination was entitled to compensation). According to the
contemporaneous medical records, I.S. did not have a post-vaccination fever, did not have a fever
between the date of vaccination and August 18, nor did she have a fever on August 18, 2015 when
she was brought to the pediatrician with a complaint of “acting weird,” and starting into space,
presumably her first seizure.
Encephalopathy, including seizures, occurring within 5 to 15 days of a measles-mumps-
rubella (“MMR”) vaccination in a child younger than 18 months old is considered a Table injury.
See 42 C.F.R. § 100.3(a)(III)(B); 42 C.F.R. § 100.3(c)(2)(i)(A). See also Stapleford v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., No. 03-234V, 2009 WL 1456441, at *6 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. May 1,
2009) (“…it is well-recognized that the MMR vaccine sometimes does cause seizures in the second
week after vaccination…”). I.S. did not receive an MMR vaccination.
The case law addressing seizures following vaccination is well-established. Petitioners are
rarely successful in cases where seizures occur beyond 72 hours for DTaP, or more than 15 days
post-MMR vaccination, though there are some exceptions. In her Reply, petitioner cited to one of
these exceptions, McCulloch, where the petitioner was successful despite a five-week onset period
between vaccination and seizure. The vaccinee in McCulloch was twelve years old when she
received HPV vaccinations on June 8, 2007 and August 16, 2007. McCulloch, 2015 WL 3640610
at *3. She developed symptoms five weeks later, including fever and seizures, and was later
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diagnosed with intractable epilepsy, encephalitis, and status epilepticus. Id. at *3, *8. Petitioner
alleged that A.M. developed autoimmune limbic encephalitis (“ALE”) due to the HPV vaccine
and proffered a theory of molecular mimicry between components of the HPV vaccine and
aquaporin-4 water channels in the brain. Id. at *8, *23. The special master found petitioner’s theory
persuasive and agreed that a period of five weeks between vaccination and onset of symptoms was
medically appropriate for the theory of molecular mimicry. Id. at *28, 32.
The instant claim is not analogous to McCulloch. The vaccinee in McCulloch received
HPV vaccinations and had a severe clinical course. I.S. received pneumococcal conjugate,
rotavirus, DTaP, IPV, and Hib vaccinations, was apparently fine until 18 days later, and was then
deemed consistently “seizure free” after starting Trileptal. Moreover, unlike the vaccinee in
McCulloch, I.S. was never diagnosed with intractable epilepsy, encephalitis, status epilepticus, or
autoimmune limbic encephalitis. The five-week onset period following HPV vaccination in
McCulloch does little to aid in the eighteen-day onset in this matter and is significantly different
with respect to the facts and seizure onset following pneumococcal conjugate, rotavirus, DTaP,
IPV, and Hib vaccinations in this case.
As stated above, as the billing records reflect, an extensive pre-filing inquiry was
performed and the inconsistency between the medical records and the facts as stated by petitioner,
was apparent, making petitioner’s claim not feasible due to the eighteen-day gap between I.S.’s
receipt of the allegedly causal vaccinations and her first seizure.
There is no corroborative evidence in the record to support a causal relationship between
I.S.’s vaccinations and her first afebrile seizure 18 days later.
Based on the foregoing, petitioner’s Motion for Attorneys’ Fees and Costs is hereby
DENIED. The Clerk of the Court is directed to enter judgment in accordance with this Decision.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
s/ Mindy Michaels Roth
Mindy Michaels Roth
Special Master
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