DocketNumber: No. 12-259C
Citation Numbers: 106 Fed. Cl. 513, 2012 U.S. Claims LEXIS 1066, 2012 WL 3860573
Judges: Horn
Filed Date: 9/4/2012
Status: Precedential
Modified Date: 10/18/2024
ORDER
On April 19, 2012, pro se plaintiff, Charles V. Farnsworth, filed a complaint in the United States Court of Federal Claims against the United States
Since his discharge, plaintiff alleges that he has made “continuous requests” for his military records, which he believes would enable him to collect medical and disability benefits based on his time in the military. Plaintiff claims that in approximately 1973, in response to his inquiries, the National Personnel Records Center notified him that his records were destroyed by a fire. In a letter dated April 13, 2006, however, the National Personnel Records Center informed plaintiff that his records had not been destroyed, but that they had been “loaned out on a prior request” and never returned.
Plaintiff appears to have sent and received a regular flow of correspondence from the National Personnel Records Center, including Certifications of Military Service. The documents presented to the court in a poorly organized appendix to the motion to dismiss provided by defendant appear to indicate that the National Personnel Records Center sent plaintiff a notice of his missing records on October 2, 1987. Because the records were missing, however, this notice also stated that, instead, a Certification of Military Service was being furnished, which plaintiff could use as a “verification of military service and ... for any official purpose.” Plaintiff acknowledged receipt of the October 2, 1987 notice from the National Personnel Records Center in a letter dated May 15, 1988, but the letter characterizes the additional documentation he received as “a copy of my discharge.” A letter from the National Personnel Records Center to plaintiff, dated June 29, 1988, states that plaintiff received a Certification of Military Service along with the October 2,1987 notice. The only two Certifications of Military Service that appear in the record, however, were issued on June 30, 1988 and April 11,2006.
Plaintiff alleges that defendant breached an express or implied contract when it “violated its duty ... to maintain copies of his military records, or at least a record of the agency or person who cheeked out the records.” Plaintiff claims that he “has been denied benefits for severe PTSD [post-traumatic stress disorder] related to his tour of duty in Vietnam,” as a result of his inability to obtain records of his service in order to document he had served active duty for at least 180 days.
On July 18, 2012, defendant filed a perfunctory motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1) of the Rules of the United States Court of Federal Claims (RCFC) (2012). Defendant argued that plaintiffs complaint should be dismissed because this court lacks subject matter jurisdiction over claims based on veteran’s benefits. In the alternative, defendant concluded that plaintiffs claims “are barred by the six-year statute of limitations set forth in 28 U.S.C. § 2501,” because they accrued in 1973 when the National Personnel Records Center allegedly informed plaintiff that his records were destroyed. Although plaintiffs complaint, in fact, raises issues that are outside this court’s jurisdiction, each plaintiff is entitled to serious consideration by both the court and the United States as defendant.
Plaintiff asserts that defendant violated an “express or implied contract made at the time of enlistment, to maintain copies of his military records,” which he asserts violates a “substantive right” under the Contracts Clause of the United States Constitution and grants this court jurisdiction under the Tucker Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1491(a)(1) (Supp. V 2011). Plaintiff argues that the statute of limitations
DISCUSSION
As an initial matter, plaintiff may not proceed in forma pauperis in this case because at least three other federal courts have dismissed previous causes of action filed by this plaintiff for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g) (2006). In addition, plaintiff has failed to include the required prison trust fund account statement in his Application to Proceed In Forma Pauperis. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(2). In order to provide access to this court to those who cannot pay the filing fees mandated by RCFC 77.1(c), the statute at 28 U.S.C. § 1915 permits a court to allow plaintiffs to file a complaint without payment of fees or security, under specific circumstances. The standard in 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1) for in forma pauperis eligibility is “unable to pay such fees or give security therefor.” Determination of what constitutes “unable to pay” or unable to “give security therefor,” and therefore, whether to allow a plaintiff to proceed informa pauper-is is left to the discretion of the presiding judge, based on the information submitted by the plaintiff or plaintiffs. See, e.g., Rowland v. Cal. Men’s Colony, 506 U.S. 194, 217-18, 113 S.Ct. 716, 121 L.Ed.2d 656 (1993); Fuentes v. United States, 100 Fed.Cl. 85, 92 (2011).
The statute denies in forma pauperis status to repetitive plaintiffs, as follows:
In no event shall a prisoner bring a civil action or appeal a judgment in a civil action or proceeding under this section if the prisoner has, on 3 or more prior occasions, while incarcerated or detained in any facility, brought an action or appeal in a court of the United States that was dismissed on the grounds that it is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, unless the prisoner is under imminent danger of serious physical injury.
28 U.S.C. § 1915(g); see also Dudley v. United States, 61 Fed.Cl. 685, 686 (2004); McLean v. United States, 566 F.3d 391, 394 (4th Cir.2009); Pettus v. Morgenthau, 554 F.3d 293, 296 (2d Cir.2009).
Although not addressed by defendant, the court notes that in other eases filed by Mr. Farnsworth in federal courts, plaintiff has been barred from proceeding in forma pau-peris under Section 1915(g).
Even if Section 1915(g) did not bar plaintiff from proceeding in forma pauperis, plaintiff’s Application to Proceed In Forma Pauperis must be denied for failure to comply with the statutory requirements. In order to proceed informa pauperis, a prospective plaintiff must submit “an affidavit that includes a statement of all assets such prisoner possesses [and] that the person is unable to pay such fees or give security therefor.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1). The affidavit must further “state the nature of the action, defense or appeal and affiant’s belief that the person is entitled to redress.” Id. In addition, a prisoner must submit “a certified copy of the trust fund account statement (or institutional equivalent) for the prisoner for the 6-month period immediately preceding the filing of the complaint.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(2).
A prisoner is “ ‘charged with knowing what forms are required,’ ” especially if the individual has previously filed applications to proceed in forma pauperis. Resendez v. United States, 96 Fed.Cl. 283, 286 (2010) (quoting Piskanin v. Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh Cnty. & all of its Judges, 359 Fed.Appx. 276, 278 (3d Cir.2009)). Failure to submit a trust fund account statement is grounds for a court to deny a prisoner’s in forma pauperis application. See Resendez v. United States, 96 Fed.Cl. at 286 (denying pro se plaintiffs Application due to failure to attach trust fund statement even though plaintiff made representations as to the amount contained in account); Johnson v. United States, 82 Fed.Cl. 150, 152 (denying pro se plaintiffs Application due to failure to include trust fund statement and required affidavit), appeal dismissed, 328 Fed.Appx. 636 (Fed.Cir.2008).
In the case currently before the court, plaintiff has submitted a deficient Application to Proceed In Forma Pauperis and should not be granted in forma pauperis status. Although plaintiffs Application indicates that he is currently incarcerated, unemployed, and has not received money from any source within the past twelve months, he has failed to attach a certified copy of his prison trust fund account statement, as required by 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(2).
Regardless, this court lacks subject matter jurisdiction over plaintiffs claims. When determining whether a complaint filed by a pro se plaintiff is sufficient to invoke i'eview by a court, a pro se plaintiff is entitled to liberal construction of his or her pleadings. See Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520-21, 92 S.Ct. 594, 30 L.Ed.2d 652 (requiring that allegations contained in a pro se complaint be held to “less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers”), reh’g denied, 405 U.S. 948, 92 S.Ct. 963, 30 L.Ed.2d 819 (1972); see also Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94, 127 S.Ct. 2197, 167 L.Ed.2d 1081 (2007); Hughes v. Rowe, 449 U.S. 5, 9-10, 101 S.Ct. 173, 66 L.Ed.2d 163 (1980); Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 106, 97 S.Ct. 285, 50 L.Ed.2d 251 (1976), reh’g denied, 429 U.S. 1066, 97 S.Ct. 798, 50 L.Ed.2d 785 (1977); Wickliffe v. United States, 102 Fed.Cl. 102, 106-07 (2011). However, “there is no ‘duty [on the part] of the trial court ... to create a claim which [plaintiff] has not spelled out in his [or her] pleading’.... ” Scogin v. United States, 33 Fed.Cl. 285, 293 (1995) (quoting Clark v. Nat’l Travelers Life Ins. Co., 518 F.2d 1167, 1169 (6th Cir.1975)); see also Bussie v. United States, 96 Fed.Cl. 89, 94, aff'd, 443 Fed.Appx. 542 (Fed.Cir.2011); Minehan v. United States, 75 Fed.Cl. 249, 253 (2007). “While a pro se plaintiff is held to a less stringent standard than that of a plaintiff represented by an attorney, the pro se plaintiff, nevertheless, bears the burden of establishing the Court’s jurisdiction by a preponderance of the evidence.” Riles v. United States, 93 Fed.Cl. 163, 165 (2010) (citing Hughes v. Rowe, 449 U.S. at 9, 101 S.Ct. 173 and Taylor v. United States, 303 F.3d 1357, 1359 (Fed.Cir.), reh’g and reh’g en banc denied (Fed.Cir.2002)); Wickliffe v. United States, 102 Fed.Cl. at 107.
The Tucker Act grants jurisdiction to this court as follows:
The United States Court of Federal Claims shall have jurisdiction to render judgment upon any claim against the United States founded either upon the Constitution, or any Act of Congress or any regulation of an executive department, or upon any express or implied contract with the United States, or for liquidated or unliquidated damages in eases not sounding in tort.
28 U.S.C. § 1491(a)(1). As interpreted by the United States Supreme Court, the Tucker Act waives sovereign immunity to allow jurisdiction over claims against the United States (1) founded on an express or implied contract with the United States, (2) seeking a refund from a prior payment made to the government, or (3) based on federal constitutional, statutory, or regulatory law mandating compensation by the federal government for damages sustained. See United States v. Navajo Nation, 556 U.S. 287, 290, 129 S.Ct. 1547, 173 L.Ed.2d 429 (2009); United States v. Testan, 424 U.S. 392, 400, 96 S.Ct. 948, 47 L.Ed.2d 114 (1976); see also Greenlee Cnty., Ariz. v. United States, 487 F.3d 871, 875 (Fed.Cir.), reh’g and reh’g en banc denied (Fed.Cir.2007), cert. denied, 552 U.S. 1142, 128 S.Ct. 1082, 169 L.Ed.2d 810 (2008); Palmer v. United States, 168 F.3d 1310, 1314 (Fed.Cir.1999). In this ease, plaintiff himself has indicated he “does not seek a substantive right of recovery against the United States for monetary damages,” but instead seeks relief to assist with his veteran’s benefits status.
The Secretary of Veteran’s Affairs, not this court, initially has jurisdiction over claims for veteran’s benefits. See 38 U.S.C. § 511(a) (2006). After seeking secondary review, a claimant may appeal the Secretary’s decision to the Board of Veterans’ Appeals. See 38 U.S.C. § 7104(a) (2006). A claimant then may appeal the Board’s decision to the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims, which has “exclusive jurisdiction” to review the Board of Veterans’ Appeals’ decisions. See 38 U.S.C. § 7252(a) (2006). Finally, a claimant may appeal a decision by the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims to
Although in his multiple filings, plaintiff articulates his claims before this court in a variety of differing ways, in his response to defendant’s motion to dismiss, plaintiff appears to recognize that his claim is more properly dealt with first by the Secretary of Veteran’s Affairs and then by the VA and federal court appellate systems when he asks for “the court’s assistance in allowing the Veteran’s Administration [sic] assess his medical disability to acquire monetary relief if the VA approves it.” Plaintiff also requests that the court order the VA to “assume plaintiff had 180-days active duty” in order to allow him to obtain medical benefits and requests that the court order “plaintiffs transfer from the Washington State Penitentiary to a secure VA hospital, or some reasonable substitute, for a determination of Plaintiffs disability and medical needs.” Even granting the pro se plaintiff a liberal construction of his pleadings, Section 511(a) of Title 38 dictates that the VA, rather than this court, is the proper forum in which plaintiff should pursue his claims.
Furthermore, to the extent that plaintiff is seeking injunctive relief, the court has no jurisdiction over plaintiffs claims. Plaintiff seeks injunctive relief to direct the VA to assume plaintiff obtained 180 days of active duty, to transfer plaintiff from the Washington State Penitentiary to a VA hospital, to backdate any entitlement plaintiff may have to veteran’s benefits to the date of his discharge, and to excuse plaintiffs lack of records in his attempt to prove that he is entitled to those benefits. As indicated by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, “[ajlthough the Tucker Act has been amended to permit the Court of Federal Claims to grant equitable relief ancillary to claims for monetary relief over which it has jurisdiction, see, e.g., 28 U.S.C. § 1491(a)(2), (b)(2), there is no provision giving the Court of Federal Claims jurisdiction to grant equitable relief when it is unrelated to a claim for monetary relief pending before the court.” Nat’l Air Traffic Controllers Ass’n v. United States, 160 F.3d 714, 716 (Fed.Cir.1998); see also United States v. King, 395 U.S. 1, 89 S.Ct. 1501, 23 L.Ed.2d 52 (1969) (“In the absence of an express grant of jurisdiction from Congress, we decline to assume that the Court of Claims has been given the authority to issue declaratory judgments.”); Pryor v. United States, 85 Fed.Cl. 97, 103 (2008). In sum, this court cannot grant plaintiff the injunctive relief he seeks.
To the extent that plaintiff requests relief from conduct sounding in tort, the Tucker Act expressly excludes tort claims, including those committed by federal officials, from the jurisdiction of the United States Court of Federal Claims. See 28 U.S.C. § 1491(a)(1); see also Keene Corp. v. United States, 508 U.S. 200, 214, 113 S.Ct. 2035, 124 L.Ed.2d 118 (1993); Rick’s Mushroom, Serv., Inc. v. United States, 521 F.3d 1338, 1343 (Fed.Cir.2008); Alves v. United States, 133 F.3d 1454, 1459 (Fed.Cir.1998); Brown v. United States, 105 F.3d 621, 623 (Fed.Cir.), reh’g denied (Fed.Cir.1997); Golden Pac. Bancorp v. United States, 15 F.3d 1066, 1070 n. 8 (Fed.Cir.), reh’g denied, en banc suggestion declined (Fed.Cir.), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 961, 115 S.Ct. 420, 130 L.Ed.2d 335 (1994); Hampel v. United States, 97 Fed.Cl. 235, 238, aff’d, 429 Fed. Appx. 995 (Fed.Cir.2011), cert. dismissed, - U.S. -, 132 S.Ct. 1105, 181 L.Ed.2d 973 (2012); Woodson v. United States, 89 Fed.Cl. 640, 650 (2009); McCullough v. United States, 76 Fed.Cl. 1, 3 (2006), appeal dismissed, 236 Fed.Appx. 615 (Fed.Cir.), reh’g denied (Fed.Cir.), cert. denied, 552 U.S. 1050, 128 S.Ct. 675, 169 L.Ed.2d 529 (2007); Agee v. United States, 72 Fed.Cl. 284, 290 (2006); Zhengxing v. United States, 71 Fed.Cl. 732, 739, aff’d, 204 Fed.Appx. 885
Regarding defendant’s argument that plaintiffs claims are barred by the statute of limitations, suits against the United States are subject to a six-year statute of limitations period. See 28 U.S.C. § 2501 (2006). Because the statute of limitations affects this court’s subject matter jurisdiction, the requirement is strictly construed. See John R. Sand & Gravel Co. v. United States, 552 U.S. 130, 133-34, 128 S.Ct. 750, 169 L.Ed.2d 591 (2008); Alder Terrace, Inc. v. United States, 161 F.3d 1372, 1376-77 (Fed.Cir.1998); Holloway v. United States, 60 Fed.Cl. 254, 256 (2004), aff'd, 143 Fed.Appx. 313 (Fed.Cir.), cert. denied, 546 U.S. 876, 126 S.Ct. 389, 163 L.Ed.2d 173 (2005); Martinez v. United States, 48 Fed.Cl. 851, 857 (2001), affd in part, 281 F.3d 1376 (Fed.Cir.), reh’g denied (Fed.Cir.2002); Entines v. United States, 39 Fed.Cl. 673, 678 (1997), aff'd, 185 F.3d 881 (Fed.Cir.) (table), cert. denied, 526 U.S. 1117, 119 S.Ct. 1766, 143 L.Ed.2d 796 (1999); McDonald v. United States, 37 Fed.Cl. 110, 113 (1997), aff'd, 135 F.3d 778 (Fed.Cir.1998) (table). The start date to begin a statute of limitations is ‘“when all events have occurred which fix the liability of the Government and entitle the claimant to institute an action.’ ” Floor-Pro, Inc. v. United States, 680 F.3d 1377, 1381 (Fed.Cir.2012) (quoting Goodrich v. United States, 434 F.3d 1329, 1333 (Fed.Cir.2006)); see also Martinez v. United States, 333 F.3d 1295, 1303 (Fed. Cir.2003) (en banc) (“when ‘all events have occurred to fix the Government’s alleged liability, entitling the claimant to demand payment ....’” (quoting Nager Elec. Co. v. United States, 177 Ct.Cl. 234, 240, 368 F.2d 847, 851 (1966))), cert. denied, 540 U.S. 1177, 124 S.Ct. 1404, 158 L.Ed.2d 76 (2004); Franconia Assocs. v. United States, 240 F.3d 1358, 1362 (Fed.Cir.2001), rev’d on other grounds, 536 U.S. 129, 122 S.Ct. 1993, 153 L.Ed.2d 132 (2002); Alder Terrace, Inc. v. United States, 161 F.3d at 1377; Hopland Band of Pomo Indians v. United States, 855 F.2d 1573, 1577 (Fed.Cir.1988); Lins v. United States, 231 Ct.Cl. 579, 582, 688 F.2d 784, 786 (1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1147, 103 S.Ct. 788, 74 L.Ed.2d 995 (1983); Oceanic Steamship Co. v. United States, 165 Ct.Cl. 217, 225 (1964); Holloway v. United States, 60 Fed.Cl. at 256. The statute of limitations for a particular plaintiff begins to “run from the date the plaintiff ‘knew or should have known of the claim.’ ” Oja v. Dep’t of Army, 405 F.3d 1349, 1358 (Fed.Cir.) (quoting United States v. Beggerly, 524 U.S. 38, 48-49, 118 S.Ct. 1862, 141 L.Ed.2d 32 (1998)), reh’g and reh’g en banc denied (Fed.Cir.2005). A claim’s accrual is “‘determined under an objective standard’” and plaintiff does not have to possess actual knowledge of all the relevant facts in order for a cause of action to accrue. FloorPro, Inc. v. United States, 680 F.3d at 1381 (quoting Fallini v. United States, 56 F.3d 1378, 1380 (Fed.Cir.1995), cert. denied, 517 U.S. 1243, 116 S.Ct. 2496, 135 L.Ed.2d 189 (1996)).
Based on the record before the court, plaintiffs claim accrued no later than the earliest date reflected in the record when the National Personnel Records Center issued plaintiff a Certification of Military Service, which identified plaintiffs name, number, initial date of enlistment, branch of service, and the date of discharge, as well as the type of discharge and plaintiffs last grade, rank, or rating. Defendant contends, however, that plaintiffs claims accrued in 1973 when Mr. Farnsworth was informed that a fire had destroyed his records. Without his service record or an official alternative such as a Certification of Military Service, it might have been difficult for plaintiff to proceed regarding his discharge and benefits. Plaintiffs claim, however, accrued no later than, either October 2, 1987, when the record reflects he received a communication which states that his record “does not contain a copy of a Report of Separation, or its equivalent. Therefore, we are instead furnishing the attached NA Form 13038, Certification of Military Service. This will serve as verification of military service and may be used for any official purpose” (emphasis added), or no later than June 30, 1988 when the National Personnel Records Center issued the first Certification of Military Service which is in the record, stating on its face
Despite the 1987 and 1988 Certifications of Military Service, which plaintiff does not address, plaintiff alleges that his claim did not accrue until “about April 18, 2006” when plaintiff alleges he learned of defendant’s breach of an express or implied contract to maintain his records. Plaintiff’s original complaint in the ease currently before the court, however, was filed on April 19, 2012, one day after the statute of limitations would have expired, even using plaintiffs April 18, 2006 date. Although plaintiff included the word “about” before his choice of April 18, 2006, he nonetheless chose to cite to April 18, 2006 as the day he received notice that his records were lost. Not only does this court lack subject matter jurisdiction over plaintiffs claims, but the applicable statute of limitations, which accrued no later than 1987 or 1988, also bars jurisdiction to review plaintiffs claims.
CONCLUSION
Plaintiffs Application to Proceed In For-ma Pauperis is DENIED. Plaintiff should also take note that even if he had paid the filing fee, defendant’s motion to dismiss would have been granted for lack of subject matter jurisdiction and for failure to comply with the applicable statute of limitations. Plaintiffs complaint is DISMISSED and the clerk of the court shall enter JUDGMENT consistent with this Order. The Clerk of the Court is directed not to file further complaints from this plaintiff without the necessary filing fee.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
. Although plaintiff filed his original complaint against the United States as defendant, his first amended complaint designates the National Personnel Records Center as defendant. Plaintiff’s second amended complaint, however, once again designates the United States as defendant.
. Plaintiff Hied a previous lawsuit in this court on June 29, 2007. See Farnsworth v. United States, No. 1:07-CV-00493 (Fed.Cl. Jan. 22, 2008), aff'd, 296 Fed.Appx. 937 (Fed.Cir.2008). That case was dismissed by the trial court on January 22, 2008 as untimely due to the applicable statute of limitations. See id. The dismissal was affirmed by the United States Court of Ap
. Plaintiff appears to have filed, and in some instances appealed, cases over thirty times in the federal courts. See Farnsworth v. United States, No. l:07-CV-00493; see also Farnsworth v. Palmquist, No. 2:12-CV-01257 (W.D.Wash. Aug. 15, 2012); Farnsworth v. Sinclair, No. 2:12-CV-05103 (E.D.Wash. July 30, 2012); Farnsworth v. Chief Kaw, No. 3:10-CV-05586 (W.D.Wash. Nov. 1, 2010); Farnsworth v. Palmquist, No. 2:08-CV00851, 2009 WL 2406304 (W.D.Wash. Aug. 4, 2009); Farnsworth v. Palmquist, No. 2:08-CV-01672 (W.D.Wash. Apr. 21, 2009); Farnsworth v. Espinoza, No. 2:08-CV06765 (C.D.Cal. Mar. 31, 2009); Farnsworth v. Sanders, No. 2:08-CV-06762 (C.D.Cal. Mar. 31, 2009); Farnsworth v. Bureau of Prisons, No. 2:08-CV-05122 (C.D.Cal. Mar. 11, 2009); Farnsworth v. Sanders, No. 2:08-CV-05124 (C.D.Cal. Mar. 11, 2009); Farnsworth v. Palmquist, No. 2:08-CV-01315 (W.D.Wash. Feb. 3, 2009); Farnsworth v. Palmquist, No. 2:08-CV-00820, 2008 WL 5215946 (W.D.Wash. Dec. 15, 2008); Farnsworth v. Sanders, No. 2:08-CV-04979 (C.D.Cal. Sept. 4, 2008); Farnsworth v. Young, No. 2:08-CV-00594 (W.D.Wash. June 4, 2008); Farnsworth v. Palmquist, No. 2:07-CV-02085, 2008 WL 901810 (W.D.Wash. Mar. 31, 2008); Farnsworth v. Palmquist, No. 2:08-CV-00022 (W.D.Wash. Mar. 11, 2008); Farnsworth v. Quinn, No. 3:07-CV-05155, 2007 WL 2874976
. Plaintiff also failed to comply with the Application’s instruction to address whether any persons are dependent on plaintiff for support.