Carlson v. Carlson

CROCKETT, Justice:

The controversy here involved relates to those aspects of an order modifying a divorce decree which increased from $75 per month to $87.50 per month defendant’s obligation of supporting his four children, Teresa (April 3, 1958), Shane (March 1, 1963), Andrea (October 13, 1964), and Amy (November 14, 1967), and further, that this obligation continue beyond the age of 18 years, until they reach the age of 21, upon these conditions so long as they (a) continue to reside with plaintiff in the home, (b) remain unmarried, (c) remain otherwise un-emancipated, and (d) maintain enrollment as a full-time college student.

In view of the fact that the defendant’s attack upon the trial court’s order is limited to the two issues as discussed herein, it is unnecessary to detail the facts concerning the situation of the parties, and the difficulties which have existed, and some of which appear to continue to exist between them, except as mentioned below. The divorce was granted in 1973, at which time the plaintiff was unemployed and the defendant had an income of $18,000 plus per year. At the time of this supplemental proceeding in 1976, the defendant’s income had not diminished, but plaintiff had become employed and was earning $500 plus per month.

The main contention of the defendant is that he should not be compelled to support the children beyond the age of 18. We are in accord with his citation of the time-honored and universally recognized rule that when a child reaches the age of majority, the child becomes emancipated and the legal obligation of the parents to support the child and the reciprocal legal obligations of the child to the family, terminate.¹ Prior to 1975, our statute set that age at 21 for males and 18 for females. In that year, in order to make our law apply equally to both sexes,² the legislature amended the statute to make 18 the age of majority for both sexes.³ Sec. 15-2-1, U.C.A., 1953, now provides that:

The period of minority extends in males and females to the age of eighteen years; but all minors obtain their majority by marriage. It is further provided that courts in divorce actions may order support to age 21.

Prom the wording of that statute it could hardly be made plainer that the authority to extend the obligation of a parent to support his child beyond the age of 18 is discretionary. We see this as a wise and proper legislative recognition of the fact that, though children attain their majority and thus become emancipated at 18, there may nevertheless be unusual circumstances where the court would be justified in placing that additional burden on the parents.⁴ However, it is to be kept in mind that any discretionary power is not absolute, but must be exercised with reason and good conscience upon a foundation of facts so justifying.⁵

On the basis of the above-quoted statute and of well-established decisional law, it is obvious that there must be some difference between the obligation of parents to their children before they reach their majority and after that event. The facts are commonly known that a large percentage of our people do not regard a college education as any absolute essential to living and do not attend college; and that even less ever graduate therefrom. Further harmonizing with the views expressed herein is the fact that the public policy of our state relating to the requirement that children attend school until the age of 18⁶ correlates with the age at which children are emancipated and attain their majority as provided in Section 15-2-1 above referred to.

In the case of Ferguson v. Ferguson this court has but recently had occasion to declare that a parent’s obligation to support his child normally terminates when the child attains his or her majority.⁷ We here reiterate the thought there expressed: that a parent will normally be quite willing to assist an adult child in furthering his education, but should not be compelled to do so except in unusual circumstances.

The significant and controlling proposition here is that a search of the findings of the trial court fails to disclose any finding of any special or unusual circumstances which would justify the order compelling the defendant to support the children beyond the age of 18, when they attain the age of majority and are thus emancipated. In the absence of such a finding, the order cannot properly stand.

The defendant also complains that the order denies him visiting rights with his children. In that regard we make the following observations: the first and most important one is that there is similarly no finding of fact upon which to justify the denial of such visiting rights. We so state advisedly in awareness that there was some evidence relating to that subject, and the trial court manifested concern about it, including talking to the children. On that subject we think it appropriate to further state that it seems somewhat unusual and perhaps unduly severe that the defendant is not afforded some opportunity of visiting with his children. Further, that considerable time has elapsed since the animosities developed which may have justified that order; and that in the natural course of events, they may have subsided sufficiently to warrant some modification of the prohibition against visiting rights.

In view of the fact that under our law the court has continuing jurisdiction to deal with problems relating to the support and custody of children,⁸ on remand, if the parties so desire, and upon proper invocation of the court’s attention thereto, it should allow the presentation of evidence by both sides and make a finding one way or the other on both of the disputed issues discussed herein.

The order is vacated and the case remanded for such further proceedings as may be deemed necessary, consistent with this opinion. The parties to bear their own costs.

ELLETT, C. J., and HALL, J., concur.

1 . 27B C.J.S., Divorce, § 323e; Englert v. Englert, Utah, 576 P.2d 1274 (1978); Genda v. Superior Court, 103 Ariz. 240, 439 P.2d 811 (1968); Jungjohann v. Jungjohann, 213 Kan. 329, 516 P.2d 904 (1973); Baker v. Baker, 80 Wash.2d 736, 498 P.2d 315 (1972).

2 . See the cases of Stanton v. Stanton, 30 Utah 2d 315, 517 P.2d 1010, 421 U.S. 7, 95 S.Ct. 1373, 43 L.Ed.2d 688; and Utah, 552 P.2d 112, 429 U.S. 501, 97 S.Ct. 717, 50 L.Ed.2d 723.

3 . S.L.U., 1975, Ch. 39, Sec. 1.

4 . We reaffirm without reservation our agreement with the case of Dehm v. Dehm, Utah, 545 P.2d 525 (1976) which recognized the discretionary power of the court to order support, even beyond the age of majority, where some handicap or disability may exist.

5 . Davis v. Riley, 20 Utah 2d 325, 437 P.2d 453 (1968); Carman v. Slavens, Utah, 546 P.2d 601 (1976).

6 . See 53-24-1, U.C.A., 1953.

7 . Utah, 578 P.2d 1274 (1978).

8 . Sec. 30-3-5, U.C.A., 1953.