State v. Penick

IN THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS
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State of Utah, ) MEMORANDUM DECISION
)
Plaintiff and Appellee, ) Case No. 20110495‐CA
)
v. ) FILED
) (November 16, 2012)
Jeremy D. Penick, )
) 2012 UT App 320Defendant and Appellant. )
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Third District, Salt Lake Department, 091909966
The Honorable Royal I. Hansen
Attorneys: Samuel P. Newton, Kalispell, Montana, for Appellant
Mark L. Shurtleff and Jeanne B. Inouye, Salt Lake City, for Appellee
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Before Judges Orme, Davis, and Voros.
DAVIS, Judge:
¶1 Jeremy D. Penick appeals from a conviction of attempted murder, a first degree
felony, see Utah Code Ann. § 76‐5‐203(2)(a) (LexisNexis Supp. 2012); id. § 76‐4‐101; id.
§ 76‐4‐102(1)(c)(i),1 arguing that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to file a
motion to suppress evidence that was obtained following what Penick characterizes as
an illegal arrest. We affirm.
1
Because changes to these statutes do not affect our analysis, we cite the current
version of the code for the convenience of the reader.
¶2 “With respect to any ineffectiveness claim, a defendant must first demonstrate
that counsel’s performance was deficient, in that it fell below an objective standard of
reasonable professional judgment. Second, the defendant must show that counsel’s
deficient performance was prejudicial—i.e., that it affected the outcome of the case.”
State v. Litherland, 2000 UT 76, ¶ 19, 12 P.3d 92 (citations omitted). “The first prong of
th[is] . . . standard further requires that a defendant rebut the strong presumption that
‘under the circumstances, the challenged action might be considered sound trial
strategy.’” Id. (additional citation and internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 689 (1984)). Thus, trial counsel’s failure to object
to evidence obtained as a result of Penick’s warrantless arrest will not be considered
deficient performance if counsel had a sound trial strategy for not objecting.
¶3 Here, trial counsel’s decision not to object constituted a reasonable trial strategy.
The admitted evidence arising from Penick’s arrest—namely Penick’s admissions to the
arresting officer that he was in the taxi with another individual (Passenger) at the time
the taxi driver (Driver) was attacked and that he wrote a letter to Driver expressing his
regret that the attack occurred—supports Penick’s defense that he was simply in the
wrong place at the wrong time. Though trial counsel could have opted to hinge Penick’s
defense on the unreliability of Driver’s eyewitness identification alone, it was not
unreasonable for counsel to address Penick’s presence in the taxi directly. Indeed, this
approach likely took any sting out of the surveillance video that showed Penick and
Passenger calling a cab from the motel. And this approach still allowed the defense to
attack the reliability of Driver’s identification of both Penick and Passenger, rather than
Passenger alone, as having been involved in the attack. Although this strategy allowed
Penick’s statements at the time of the arrest to be admitted, those statements actually
lent legitimacy to Penick’s argument that he was not involved in the attack, that he tried
to help stop the attack, and that he fled from the scene for fear of being accused of
Passenger’s crime, recognizing that his attempts to stop the attack could have appeared
to be participation in it. Penick’s statements to police before his arrest also demonstrate
that his story has been consistent throughout the case, and though he initially withheld
some details during his first two interviews with the police (before he was arrested), his
hesitancy to be forthright is itself consistent with his defense theory that his level of
involvement in the attack could be easily misconstrued. Similarly, the letter Penick
wrote to Driver does not admit any participation in the attack; rather, the letter indicates
Penick’s regret for not “help[ing Driver] more,” stating, “[Y]ou [were] treated very
wrong. . . . I wish I was never there and you never got hurt.” Penick also recognized in
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the letter that he “will be punished and will accept it,” which can be construed as
consistent with his defense and does not necessarily amount to an admission of guilt.
¶4 Thus, because it was a reasonable trial strategy to rely on this evidence in
arguing that Penick was not involved in the attack, trial counsel was not deficient for
failing to challenge the legality of the arrest or the admission of evidence that may have
been a product of the arrest.2 See generally State v. King, 2010 UT App 396, ¶ 30, 248 P.3d
984 (“Failure to establish either prong is fatal to a defendant’s ineffective assistance
claim.”). Affirmed.
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James Z. Davis, Judge
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¶5 WE CONCUR:
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Gregory K. Orme, Judge
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J. Frederic Voros Jr., Judge
2
The appellate briefs deal extensively with the legality of Penick’s arrest and the
viability of any motion to suppress that might have been made by trial counsel.
However, because of the manner in which we have already resolved Penick’s
ineffectiveness claim, we need not address this issue.
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