Valerie Jeanette Sanders, s/k/a Valerie Jeanette Richardson v. Commonwealth

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judge Clements, Senior Judges Willis and Annunziata
Argued at Alexandria, Virginia
VALERIE JEANETTE SANDERS, S/K/A
VALERIE JEANETTE RICHARDSON
MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY
v. Record No. 2574-04-4 JUDGE JEAN HARRISON CLEMENTS
OCTOBER 4, 2005
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF ALEXANDRIA
Lisa B. Kemler, Judge
Denise Jakabcin Tassi for appellant.
Richard B. Smith, Senior Assistant Attorney General (Judith
Williams Jagdmann, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Valerie Jeanette Sanders was convicted in a jury trial of malicious wounding, in violation of
Code § 18.2-51. On appeal, Sanders contends the trial court erred in denying her proffered
instruction on self-defense without fault. We agree and, therefore, reverse Sanders’s conviction and
remand this case for further proceedings.
As the parties are fully conversant with the record in this case, and because this
memorandum opinion carries no precedential value, this opinion recites only those facts and
incidents of the proceedings as are necessary to the parties’ understanding of the disposition of this
appeal.
I. BACKGROUND
The undisputed evidence presented at trial proved that, during the early morning hours of
March 15, 2004, Timothy Wilson was visiting his three children and the children’s mother, Thelma
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
Chase, at Chase’s Alexandria apartment. While at the apartment, Wilson heard a knock at the door.
Answering the door, Wilson was met by Sanders; Sanders’s daughter, Latoya Sanders (Latoya); and
Latoya’s female cousin. The women requested to speak with Chase regarding a dispute between
their two families. Wilson denied the women’s request and stepped onto the landing outside the
apartment. Shortly after Wilson shut the door behind him, an altercation ensued between Wilson,
Sanders, and Latoya. At some point during that altercation, Sanders stabbed Wilson.
Sanders was subsequently charged with the malicious wounding of Wilson.1 Her trial on
the charge commenced on July 23, 2004. During trial, the Commonwealth and Sanders presented
conflicting witness testimony as to the early morning events of March 15, 2004.
Testifying on behalf of the Commonwealth, Wilson stated that, while at Chase’s apartment,
he heard a “[l]oud banging” on the door. Neither Chase nor Wilson was expecting any visitors.
Thinking the knock “was just a little too loud,” Wilson, who normally let Chase answer the door
“because it’s her house,” got up to answer the door himself.
Upon opening the door, he saw Sanders, Latoya, and Latoya’s cousin on the landing outside
the door. Wilson, who weighed 250 pounds, recounted that the women were “[b]ouncing around”
and appeared “antsy, like in anticipation of something.” Latoya stated, “Where is your bitch? I
want to see her.” Recognizing that Latoya was referring to Chase, Wilson responded, “Well, you
can’t see her. You can see me.” Wilson saw nothing in any of the women’s hands. According to
Wilson, he then stepped outside of the apartment and shut the door behind him, at which point
Latoya “maced” him in the eyes and Sanders stabbed him in the stomach.
Wilson further testified that, immediately after the stabbing, an unidentified male came up
the stairway leading to the apartment, grabbed and held Sanders, and said to Wilson, “You
1
Sanders was also charged with the possession of a weapon after having been convicted of
a felony, in violation of Code § 18.2-308.2. The jury acquitted Sanders of that charge.
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shouldn’t hit a woman, you shouldn’t hit a woman.” Wilson denied having hit any of the women
during the altercation.
Testifying on her mother’s behalf, Latoya stated that the three women went to Chase’s
apartment “to talk” to Chase about an incident that had occurred the day before. According to
Latoya, who lived in a building “directly across” from Chase, Wilson had participated with Chase’s
son in an assault on Sanders’s son the day before the altercation at Chase’s apartment occurred.
Latoya testified that, shortly before the altercation at Chase’s apartment, Wilson was outside and she
had told him she “was going to come over [to Chase’s apartment] and talk” about her brother’s
assault.
Latoya recounted that, while she herself was angry with Wilson for assaulting her brother,
Sanders was “totally calm” when the women arrived at Chase’s apartment. She testified that, when
Sanders knocked on Chase’s door, Wilson, who was on the phone, opened the door and asked what
they wanted. Sanders “calm[ly]” asked Wilson whether there had been an incident between him
and her son the day before. Latoya admitted that she might have said to Wilson, “Where is your
bitch?” After a brief verbal exchange, Wilson got off the phone and told the women, “[Chase] ain’t
coming out here, you’re going to talk to me.”
According to Latoya, Wilson then stepped outside the apartment onto the landing, “slammed
the door” behind him, and “just . . . went after” Sanders. He “rushed” her and put her “in a
headlock.” Describing the headlock, Latoya continued, “[Sanders’s] head was under both arms.
It’s like [Wilson] had [Sanders] wrapped under his arms. . . . [A]nd [Sanders’s] head was cradled
under an arm.” Latoya testified that she then sprayed Wilson with pepper spray, which was “always
on [her] key ring,” and Wilson released Sanders. At that point, Latoya saw that Wilson was
bleeding. Latoya had not seen any blood before Wilson put Sanders in a headlock. According to
Latoya, the altercation lasted “a matter of seconds.”
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Latoya further stated that, even though her view of the headlock was sometimes obstructed
by “other people,” she was “absolutely certain” Wilson had Sanders in a headlock because she “saw
it.” Latoya testified Sanders was standing only “a couple feet in front of [her].” Latoya also
testified that she did not see Sanders with a knife at the apartment, but admitted that her mother had
been known to carry a knife on her person and was carrying a purse that was “as big as a book bag
that day.”
At the conclusion of all the evidence, the Commonwealth and Sanders submitted their
respective jury instructions to the trial court. With regard to the issue of self-defense, the
Commonwealth submitted an instruction based on Virginia Model Jury Instruction 52.510 for
self-defense with fault:
If you believe from the evidence that the defendant was to
some degree at fault in provoking or bringing on the fight and if
you further believe that when attacked, she retreated as far as she
safely could under the circumstances, in a good faith attempt to
abandon the fight, and made known her desire for peace by word or
act, and she reasonably feared, under the circumstances as they
appeared to her, that she was in danger of bodily harm, and she used
no more force than was reasonably necessary to protect herself from
the threatened harm, then you shall find the defendant not guilty.
Sanders submitted an instruction based on Model Jury Instruction 52.500 for self-defense without
fault:
If you find from the evidence that the defendant was without
fault in provoking the difficulty, and that the defendant reasonably
feared, under the circumstances as they appeared to him, that he was
in danger of harm, then the defendant had the right to use such force
as was reasonably necessary to protect himself from the threatened
harm. If you further believe that the defendant used no more force
than was reasonably necessary to protect himself from the threatened
harm, then you find the defendant not guilty.
The trial court granted the Commonwealth’s self-defense with fault instruction, but denied
Sanders’s self-defense without fault instruction, declaring:
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[W]ith respect to the self-defense instruction, it’s my decision that
the proper instruction would be the instruction on self defense with
some degree of fault and the reason why I’m making this decision is
that based on the evidence that’s been presented, [appellant] went up
to the apartment where Mr. Wilson was, along with two other
individuals, that certainly there’s evidence in which jurors can infer
that she went to see him with a knife. And they may find that she
didn’t, but there’s certainly evidence from which they could draw
that inference and that there’s some evidence in which the jury could
concluded [sic] that she showed up there, you know, possibly with
the idea of engaging in some sort of fight. They may find otherwise.
So I think based on the evidence that’s been presented, both
from the Commonwealth and from the Defense, it supports an
instruction on self-defense with fault.
The trial court so instructed the jury.
After deliberating, the jury convicted Sanders of malicious wounding. On October 6, 2004,
the trial court sentenced Sanders to five years’ imprisonment.
This appeal followed.
II. ANALYSIS
On appeal, Sanders contends the trial court erred in denying her proffered instruction on
self-defense without fault because she provided sufficient evidence to support that instruction. In
response, the Commonwealth contends the trial court did not err by refusing Sanders’s proffered
instruction because it “cannot possibly be said that [Sanders] was totally without fault in this
matter, i.e., that she did not in any way contribute to the affray.” We agree with Sanders.
“When reviewing a trial court’s refusal to give a proffered jury instruction, we view the
evidence in the light most favorable to the proponent of the instruction.” Commonwealth v.
Vaughn, 263 Va. 31, 33, 557 S.E.2d 220, 221 (2002). The fundamental purpose of any jury
instruction is “to inform the jury of the law guiding their deliberations and verdict.” Keen v.
Commonwealth, 24 Va. App. 795, 807, 485 S.E.2d 659, 665 (1997). Thus, we are mindful, in
reviewing jury instructions, of our responsibility “to see that the law has been clearly stated and
that the instructions cover all issues which the evidence fairly raises.” Swisher v. Swisher, 223
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Va. 499, 503, 290 S.E.2d 856, 858 (1982); see Darnell v. Commonwealth, 6 Va. App. 485, 488,
370 S.E.2d 717, 719 (1988). In fulfilling this responsibility, we observe that “[a] party is entitled
to have the jury instructed according to the law favorable to his or her theory of the case if
evidence in the record supports it.” Foster v. Commonwealth, 13 Va. App. 380, 383, 412 S.E.2d
198, 200 (1991). Indeed, in a criminal proceeding,
[b]oth the Commonwealth and the defendant are entitled to
appropriate jury instructions on the law applicable to their version
of the case. See Banner v. Commonwealth, 204 Va. 640, 645-46,
133 S.E.2d 305, 309 (1963). When evidence exists in the record to
support the defendant’s theory of defense, the trial judge may not
refuse to grant a proper, proffered instruction. See Painter v.
Commonwealth, 210 Va. 360, 365, 171 S.E.2d 166, 170-71 (1969);
Delacruz v. Commonwealth, 11 Va. App. 335, 338, 398 S.E.2d
103, 105 (1990). . . . “Where evidence tends to sustain both the
prosecution’s and the defense’s theory of the case, the trial judge is
required to give requested instructions covering both theories.”
Diffendal v. Commonwealth, 8 Va. App. 417, 422, 382 S.E.2d 24,
26 (1989).
O’Banion v. Commonwealth, 33 Va. App. 47, 55-56, 531 S.E.2d 599, 603 (2000) (en banc).
“However, an instruction is proper only if supported by more than a scintilla of
evidence.” Commonwealth v. Sands, 262 Va. 724, 729, 553 S.E.2d 733, 736 (2001). Thus, to
grant Sanders’s requested instruction on self-defense without fault, the record must contain more
than a scintilla of evidence that Sanders was not at fault in provoking the physical altercation with
Wilson.
Viewing the evidence presented at trial in the light most favorable to Sanders, we
conclude that more than a scintilla of evidence supports Sanders’s requested instruction on
self-defense without fault. Sanders’s daughter, Latoya, testified to a without fault version of
events in which Sanders neither initiated nor provoked a fight with Wilson. Specifically, Latoya
testified that Sanders was “totally calm” when she went to Chase’s apartment to “talk”; that the
250-pound Wilson, knowing the women were coming to speak to Chase, answered the door; that
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Sanders “calm[ly]” asked Wilson about the incident between him and her son; and that Wilson,
following a brief verbal exchange, stepped outside, slammed the door behind him, and rushed
Sanders, placing her in a headlock. Latoya testified that she then sprayed Wilson with the pepper
spray she had on her key ring. Although Sanders may have been known to carry a knife on her
person, Latoya denied having seen a knife in Sanders’s hands before Wilson placed her in the
headlock. Moreover, according to Latoya, Wilson bled only after he had released Sanders from
his clutch.
Furthermore, excerpts from Wilson’s testimony support Latoya’s version of events.
Specifically, Wilson, like Latoya, testified that he saw nothing in Sanders’s hands prior to the
physical altercation. Wilson also testified that, immediately after the altercation, an unidentified
man told him that he “shouldn’t hit a woman.”
Because the record contains more than a scintilla of evidence supporting her theory of
defense, Sanders was entitled to her proffered instruction on self-defense without fault. Without
such an instruction on the law governing a without fault theory, the jury had no guidance on how
to resolve the issue of conviction had they found that Sanders was without fault in provoking the
physical altercation.
We hold, therefore, that the trial court erred in denying Sanders’s proffered instruction on
self-defense without fault. Accordingly, we reverse Sanders’s conviction and remand for a new
trial if the Commonwealth be so advised.
Reversed and remanded.
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