State v. Tiffany

Rudkin, J.

This is an appeal from an order sustaining a motion in arrest of judgment after verdict, and discharging the defendants on the ground that the facts charged in the information do not constitute a crime or misdemeanor. The information, omitting formal parts, is¹ as follows:

“That they, the said R. K. Tiffany and J. A. Driscoll, in Kittitas county, state of Washington, on or about the seventeenth day of August, 1905, then and there being, did then and there unlawfully and wilfully make and cause to be made an aperture in a structure known as a dam, erected in and across the Cle Elum river, at the foot of Cle Elum lake, for storing and conducting water for irrigation purposes, by unlawfully and wilfully then and there placing and exploding powder known as dynamite, with intent then and there to injure and destroy said structure. The said structure then and there being the property of the Union Gap Irrigation Company, a corporation.”

The information was filed under Bal. Code, § 7154 (P. C. § 1627). The provisions of that section, so far as material to the present inquiry, are as follows:

“Every person who shall wilfully or maliciously, make or cause to be made, any aperture in any milldam, canal, flume, aqueduct, reservoir, embankment, or other structure erected to conduct water for agricultural purposes, with intent to injure or destroy the same, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished, etc.”

This being a prosecution for a statutory crime, the information need only charge the crime in the language of the statute, and there is little room for argument or discussion, except to compare the language of the information with the language of the statute defining the crime. After such comparison, we fail to see wherein the information is deficient.

The first contention of the respondents is that the words “wilfully or maliciously” in the statute should be read “wilfully and maliciously,” and that the information is defective because it does not charge that the act complained of was committed maliciously.

“The first and most elementary rule of construction is, that it is to be assumed that the words and phrases are used in their technical meaning if they have acquired one, and in their popular meaning if they have not, and that the phrases and sentences are to be construed according to- the rules of grammar; and from this presumption it is not allowable to depart, unless adequate grounds are found, either in the context or in the consequences which would result from the literal interpretation, for concluding that that interpretation does not give the real intention of the legislature.” Endlich, Interpretation of Statutes, § 2.

No doubt or is sometimes construed to mean and, and vice versa, in-statutes, wills, and contracts. Thus, in State v. Mitchell, 5 Ired. (N. C.) 350, or was construed to mean and in a statute providing for the punishment of any person who should wilfully or maliciously burn the state-house or any of the public offices of the state, or any courthouse, jail, etc. In Rolland v. Commonwealth, 82 Pa. St. 306, or was construed to mean and in a statute defining the crime of burglary as the breaking or entering of a dwelling house. In the former case the original enactment contained the word and; but “When the acts of the General Assembly came to be revised, by some mistake the word or was inserted in the statute, in the place of the conjunction and.” In the latter case it was necessary to- construe the word or to mean and, otherwise the section in which the word appeared would define the same crime as another section of the statute to which a different penalty was attached.

But the plain language of a statute can only be disregarded, and this exceptional rule of construction can only be resorted to, where the act itself furnishes cogent proof of the legislative error. It is argued in this case that, because the legislature declared that certain acts specified in the first part of the section must be committed wilfully and maliciously, therefore, the use of the words wilfully or maliciously in the latter part of the section in reference to other acts is an apparent error. It might be urged with equal force that, since the legislature changed the phraseology in the latter part of the section, the change was made advisedly and for a purpose. We are satisfied that the act under consideration contains no such evidence of error or mistake as would warrant us in disregarding its plain language. The word or cannot be construed to mean and where the words, wilfully or wantonly, or wilfully, maliciously or wantonly, are used in defining a crime. Rountree v. The State, 10 Tex. App. 110; Werner v. State, 93 Wis. 266, 67 N. W. 417.

It is next contended that the information charges that the dam or structure was erected to conduct water for irrigation purposes, whereas the statute uses the term agricultural purposes. Regardless of technical definitions, the phrase “irrigation purposes,”» or “purposes of irrigation” is a common expression in the legislation of this state, and has acquired a well defined meaning, which is synonymous with agricultural purposes ; or, at least, the former is included within the latter.

Lastly, it is contended that the dam or structure described in the information is not one of the structures mentioned in the statute. If a dam erected to conduct water for irrigation purposes is not one of the structures mentioned in the statute, it is at least a structure of a like kind, under the rule of ejusdem generis, and comes within the purview of the statute.

The information is sufficient in law, and the judgment of the court below is therefore reversed and the cause remanded for further proceedings.

Mount, C. J., Hadley, Fullerton, and Crow, JJ., concur.

Dunbar and Root, JJ., took no part.