DocketNumber: No. 3339
Judges: Dunbar
Filed Date: 12/1/1899
Status: Precedential
Modified Date: 10/19/2024
The opinion of the court was delivered by
This action was brought by the respondent against the appellant, the West Seattle Land & Improve
At the close of the plaintiff’s testimony each of the defendants moved for a non-suit. The motion was granted so far as King county was concerned, but denied as to the appellant. There are quite a number of allegations of error, relating principally to the refusal of the court to give instructions asked for by appellant. A demurrer was also introduced to the plaintiff’s amended complaint and was overruled, which action of the court is alleged as error here.
Appellant’s first contention is that the motion for a non-suit should have been granted, for the reason that it is an undisputed fact that the entire control and authority over the public highways of a county is vested in the county itself, through its legally constituted officers; that Cascade avenue was a public highway; that a sudden slide had occurred, filling the highway and carrying the log in question on to it, where it obstructed foot passengers; that the work of removing these obstructions was under the charge of the road supervisor; that he was the only person who had authority to direct the work, and that it was solely on account of the emergency that the two men, Goldberg and Stevenson, were sent by the company to assist
That portion of the court’s charge which refers to the subject of negligence on the part of the appellant is as follows:
“If you believe from a preponderance of the evidence in this case that the death of plaintiff’s son was caused by the failure of the servants of the West Seattle Land & Improvement Company, while employed upon such Cascade avenue by said defendant, to use such care as ordinarily prudent workmen upon highways generally exercise, under circumstances entirely similar to those which surrounded the servants of said defendant while they were doing the work complained of, then your verdict will be for the plaintiffs. . . . Should you be unable from the evidence to determine whether the acts of defendant’s servants caused the death in question or not, or should you believe from the evidence that the acts of defendant West Seattle Land & Improvement Company’s servants did not cause or materially assist in causing said death, your verdict must be for defendant. Should you believe from a preponderance of the evidence that the acts of the servants of the West Seattle Land & Improvement Company caused the death in question, but that reasonably prudent workmen in the position of the servants doing such acts would not have realized or discovered any danger in such act or acts, or any of them, then you will find for the defendant. . . . The mere fact, if such there was, that other laborers assisted the servants of the defendant West Seattle Land & Improvement Company in performing the acts complained of, will not, of itself, exonerate defendant from liability, but defendant is not to be held responsible for the acts of any but its own servants.”
These instructions are criticised by the appellant, but we think they fairly presented the law of the case to the jury, at least so far as they went. The criticism is that the instructions entirely ignored the avalanche or slide, which, it is conceded by the testimony, occurred; and, inasmuch as the plaintiff bases his right to recovery on
“You are further instructed that if you believe from the evidence in this case that the death of said child was caused by a slide occurring at the time and place in question, and that said slide started on the hillside above Cascade avenue and swept down across Cascade avenue and over the said embankment, carrying the said log and earth*601 with it, and that said slide or avalanche was the immediate cause of the death of said child, then it will be your duty to return a verdict in favor of the defendant West Seattle Land & Improvement Company.”
This instruction could not be properly given without some qualification. The testimony was to the effect that it was known to the agents of this company who were doing -this work that slides were frequent and were liable to occur at that particular place during the rainy season. That "being true, it was a question whether or not the knowledge •of the probability of a slide should properly be imputed to these agents. If that knowledge could be imputed to them, then it was their duty to have placed this log on the side of the hill with reference to the effect that a probable slide would have upon it, and they could not escape responsibility by transferring it to the slide. If a mechanic contracts to build a house in a substantial manner in a country where deep snows are known to fall, and the snow does fall upon the roof, thereby breaking it in, he cannot defend against an action for damages by pleading that the roof was sufficiently strong to have maintained itself had it not been that a weight of snow fell upon it, which was the immediate cause of its breaking. If the avalanche was •of such character that it could be considered the act of God, then the rule contended for would apply. But the character of the avalanche, and the notice that should have been imputed to the defendants in this case, were questions for the jury, under proper instructions, to determine. If the instruction asked for had had incorporated in it the statement that, if the jury should find that the avalanche or slide was of such a character that ordinary prudence could not have foreseen and guarded against it, the verdict should be for the defendant, such instruction should have been given; but as the instruction was proffered it did not,
“Ton are further instructed that if you find from the evidence that a slide occurred at the time and place of the accident in question, and that said slide commenced above and to the west of Cascade avenue and swept across said avenue, and down over said bank, and that said slide caused the said log and the earth resting against the same to come down the said hill at that particular time, then it would be your duty to return a verdict for the defendant West Seattle Land & Improvement Company, even though you may believe from the evidence that said log was negligently placed in an insecure and unsafe position, and a weight of earth and stones negligently placed against the same, and that the said log and earth would or might have come down of their own weight at some other and later period.”
This instruction has the same fault as the one just considered. The next instruction asked for is covered by what we have said in the first part of this opinion in relation to the undisputed testimony that the company was the cause of the blockading of the highway by the log in the first instance. The fifth instruction asked by defendant and refused was as follows:
“ If you believe from the evidence in this case that the said slide occurred at the particular time and place when the said child was caught and killed thereunder because of the weight of earth and rocks placed upon or against said log by the officers and agents of King county in clearing said Cascade avenue, or unless you believe from the evidence that said log and debris would have come down at the particular time in question and caused the death of the child of plaintiff, without reference to the earth or rocks which you may find to have been placed against the same by the officers and agents of King county, and solely by reason of the acts of the agents of the other defendant,, then it will be your duty to find a verdict in favor of the defendant West Seattle Land & Improvement Company.”
“You are further instructed that before you can find a verdict against the defendant West Seattle Land & Improvement Company, you must believe from the evidence in this case not only that the officers and agents of the said defendant West Seattle Land & Improvement Company were guilty of the said negligent acts complained of as aforesaid, but that such acts done by them and under their control were alone and of themselves the direct and sufficient cause of the death of said child.”
This seems to be, in substance, the same as the fifth instruction asked for, and we do not think it states the law. The doctrine of concurring cause is so well established that it is scarcely worth while to discuss it here, and these instructions asked for ignore that doctrine. Other instructions asked for embraced, in substance, this same point, so that it is not necessary to especially set them out. Certain instructions in relation to contributory negligence were asked for by the defendant, and refused by the court, but we think, from an examination of the instructions given by the court, that the question of contributory negligence was correctly and concisely presented to the jury; and, considering all the instructions asked for in connection with those given, we cannot say that the jury was misled in any particular with reference to the law governing the case.
Neither are we. able to conclude that the amount of the verdict was so excessive that it indicated passion or prejudice on the part of the jury. We are free to confess that, so far as some of the questions of -fact are concerned, had this court been- sitting as a jury, it would probably have reached a different conclusion from that reached by the jury; but, the questions of fact having been submitted to that tribunal under proper instructions, and the jury having weighed the testimony, and passed upon its weight,
The judgment will be affirmed.
Gordon, 0. J., and Fullerton and Eeavis, JJ., concur.