DocketNumber: No. 16329
Citation Numbers: 117 Wash. 422
Judges: MacKintosh
Filed Date: 11/2/1921
Status: Precedential
Modified Date: 8/12/2021
On December 10, 1917, the following contract was entered into between the appellant and respondent, whereby the appellant purchased from the respondent the goods therein described:
Commodity: Wheat Bags.
Quantity: 100,000.
Quality : Best Grade.
Shipment: March/April, 1918, from Calcutta.
Price: $0.17 each c. i. f. Seattle.
Terms: Sixty Days Sight Draft acceptance on presentation with documents attached.
Marked: N. W. T. Seattle 3041/A
Remarks : Sold through Chas. H. Lilly & Company.
At the time the contract was entered into, the respondent had purchased from Becker, Grey & Company of Calcutta, wheat bags sufficient to cover the amount of this contract, and had established credit in London sufficient to protect Becker, Grey & Company. In the spring of 1918, Becker, Grey & Company shipped the goods on board the “Fuca Maru,” consigning them to the “Textile Alliance” “account Northwest Trading Company.” On June 3, 1918, the goods arrived at Seattle, and on June 6 the respondent notified the appellant of the arrival and enclosed a guaranty approved by the “Textile Alliance.” On June 14 the respondent discovered part of the goods were damaged, but failed to notify the appellant of that fact. The respondent, on June 24th, not having the bill of lading, gave to the carrier an indemnity bond, and on June 26th procured from the carrier’s warehouse an order made to itself which it endorsed to the appellant and attached the same to a draft which was presented by the respondent to the appellant, who ac
The consignment of the goods by Becker, Grey & Company to the “Textile Alliance” is explained by the fact that, during the war times, the goods were necessarily so consigned by reason of the President’s proclamation and order of the "War Trade Board, which required that goods of the character in question be so consigned in order that the ‘ ‘ Textile Alliance” might approve of the sale and delivery of the goods. Owing to war conditions, the bill of lading did not take the usual course, and it was by reason of those conditions that, in lieu of the bill of lading being delivered to the appellant, the documents above referred to w.ere used and the delivery made in the manner described. This course was pursued in order to facilitate the physical delivery of the bags to the appellant.
The testimony shows insurance had been written upon the bags under a blanket policy which was in effect during the months in which the goods were shipped and were on the seas.
Somewhere on the voyage of the “Fuca Maru” the goods were injured by sea water, and this action is
The respondent’s contention is that this is a “c. i. f.” contract, and that, in accordance with the established rule, under such a contract a delivery is complete when the goods have been actually delivered to the carrier for transportation; while the appellant claims that the use of the letters “c. i. f.” in the contract refer only to the matter of price, and that title did not pass until delivery in Seattle, under the same restrictions as would be applied had those three letters not been used in the contract, and that in this case no title passed until either actual or constructive delivery of the goods by presenting the bill of lading with draft attached and the purchaser had accepted the draft and thereby obtained the bill of lading.
It is appellant’s argument that this case is governed by what this court said in the case of Collignon & Co. v. Hammond Milling Co., 68 Wash. 626, 123 Pac. 1083; and it quotes that part of the opinion which follows:
*425 “There is nothing in a c.i.f. sale differentiating it from other sales, so far as the question under consideration is concerned. The distinguishing feature of such a sale is that the contract price includes the costs of insurance and the freight to destination in addition to the invoice cost of the goods. An offer and acceptance on that basis, therefore, does not, more than in other sales, determine as between buyer and seller when or where the title to the goods passes from buyer
In addition to the cases cited in the Andersen, Meyer case, supra, reference may be made to the very recent case of Smith Co. v. Marano, 267 Pa. 107, 110 Atl. 94; Law & Bonar v. British-American Tobacco Co. (1916), 2 K. B. 605; C. Sharpe & Co. v. Nosawa & Co. (1917), 2 K. B. 814; Mamore Saccharine Co. v. Corn Products Co. (1919), 1 K. B. 198; Stroms Bruks Aktie Bolag v. Hutchison (1905), A. C. 515.
The use of the expression in the Collignon case, supra, that the determination of when title should pass, “depends upon the intention of the parties” in a sale ‘ ‘ c.i.f. ’ ’ is not supported by the authorities and is misleading, unless by it is understood that an intention contrary to that established by the use of “c.i.f.” must
In the case of Smith Co. v. Moscahlades, 193 App. Div. 126, 183 N. Y. Supp. 500, which is quoted in the Andersen, Meyer case, the New York court held that, in a sale “c.i.f.,” a statutory provision of-the New York sales act that property does not pass until the goods have been delivered to the buyer or have reached the place agreed upon was, “unless a different intention appears,” inapplicable, for a “c.i.f.” contract imports an intention differing from that set out in the statute, and falls within the exception.
In the case of Smith Co. v. Maraño, supra, the defendant agreed to buy merchandise from the plaintiff at a price “c.i.f.” and the goods were destroyed by submarine while in transit on the high seas. The defendant was held liable for the purchase price, as delivery to the carrier was delivery to the defendant. In that case no particular emphasis was placed on the delivery of the shipping documents, it appearing they were actually tendered to defendant with sight draft for the amount due.
In Smith Co. v. Moscahlades, above, it was further held that a delivery to the carrier of goods bought “c.i.f.” was an unconditional appropriation and the title passed to the buyer, even though the purchase price was payable before the buyer was entitled to the
In the case of Mambre Saccharine Co. v. Corn Products Co., supra, it was held that the seller could effectively tender the proper documents to the purchaser and claim delivery, although he knows at the time of the tender the goods have been lost in transit.
Delivery of the shipping documents and the insurance policies, in order to complete the transaction, need not be made until a reasonable time has elapsed. In this case documents which entitled the appellant to physical possession of the property, though other than the bill of lading, were delivered to the appellant, and it is in no position to complain that the bill of lading was not delivered.
Some point is made of the fact that shipment from Calcutta was not made to the appellant as consignee, and that the respondent was not the owner of the goods sold to the appellant. "We see no merit in this position, for it is a common commercial transaction for merchants to make purchases and re-sell the goods to their customers without first getting actual physical possession of the goods themselves, and that is what was done in this case; the goods were distinctively marked and set aside to the appellant, and although they may have been consigned to the account of the respondent, nevertheless were so segregated and distinguished as to have been appropriated to the appellant’s contract. The bill of lading which was made out to the respondent was, immediately upon its receipt, endorsed and attached to the draft, and, as was said in the Maraño case, supra, this merely indicated “appellee’s intention to retain property in the goods to secure performance by the defendant of his promise to pay'for them, and did not, by the express words of
The judgment is affirmed.
Parker, C. J., Bridges, and Holcomb, JJ., concur.