SEIU 775, V State DSHS

Filed
Washington State
Court of Appeals
Division Two
April 25, 2017
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION II
SEIU 775, a labor organization, No. 48881-7-II
Appellant,
v. PUBLISHED OPINION
STATE OF WASHINGTON, DEPARTMENT
OF SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICES, and
EVERGREEN FREEDOM FOUNDATION
d/b/a FREEDOM FOUNDATION,
Respondents.
MAXA, A.C.J. – The Freedom Foundation (Foundation) made a public records request to
the Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS) seeking the times and locations of
contracting appointments and training presentations for individual providers (IPs), who provide
personal care services to functionally disabled persons. SEIU 775, the union that represents the
IPs, sought preliminary and permanent injunctions preventing DSHS from disclosing the
requested information.
SEIU appeals the trial court’s denial of its request for an injunction. SEIU argues that
provisions of the Public Employees Collective Bargaining Act (PECBA), chapter 41.56 RCW,
provide an “other statute” exemption to the Public Records Act (PRA) under RCW 42.56.070(1)
No. 488817-II
because DSHS’s disclosure of the records to the Foundation would constitute an unfair labor
practice in violation of the PECBA.
We hold that the PECBA does not provide an “other statute” exemption under the PRA
because it does not expressly prohibit or exempt the release of specific records or information.
Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s denial of SEIU’s request for an injunction to prevent
DSHS from disclosing the records the Foundation requested.
FACTS
SEIU is the collective bargaining representative in Washington for all IPs. The
Foundation is a Washington-based organization with a stated purpose of educating public
employees, including IPs, about their constitutional right not to join or pay dues to public sector
unions.
DSHS requires IPs to attend contracting appointments and safety and orientation training
presentations. These meetings generally take place at DSHS facilities and are not open to the
public. Under the collective bargaining agreement between SEIU and the State, the State
provides time during these meetings for an SEIU representative to meet with the IPs.
On January 12, 2016, the Foundation submitted a public records request to DSHS for
certain information about meetings involving IPs. The request specifically sought “[t]he times
and locations of all contracting appointments for individual providers” and “[t]he times and
locations of any state-sponsored or facilitated opportunities for individual providers to view the
initial safety and orientation training videos . . . held or to be held between November 1, 2015
and December 31, 2016.” Clerk’s Papers at 95.
2
No. 488817-II
DSHS determined that it had responsive records and that the records were not subject to
any exemptions preventing disclosure. DSHS notified SEIU of its intent to release the requested
records to the Foundation.
SEIU filed suit for declaratory and injunctive relief, and then filed a motion for a
preliminary injunction to enjoin DSHS from releasing the records. SEIU argued that the records
were subject to an “other statute” exemption under the PRA, asserting that the PECBA is a
statute that prohibits the disclosure of the requested records. SEIU believed, based on the
Foundation’s previous actions, that the Foundation sought the information about the IPs’
meetings in order to show up at the meeting times and discourage the IPs from participating in
the union.
Pursuant to CR 65(a)(2), the trial court consolidated the hearing on SEIU’s preliminary
injunction motion with a hearing on a permanent injunction. The court denied injunctive relief,
ruling that SEIU failed to satisfy its burden of showing that an exemption to the PRA applied.
The trial court exercised its equitable powers to restrain DSHS from releasing the records for 14
days, in order to allow SEIU to file an appeal.
SEIU appealed the trial court’s denial of a preliminary and permanent injunction. We
subsequently enjoined DSHS from releasing the requested information until resolution of SEIU’s
appeal.
ANALYSIS
A. PRA DISCLOSURE
The PRA mandates the broad disclosure of public records. John Doe A v. Wash. State
Patrol, 185 Wn.2d 363, 371, 374 P.3d 63 (2016). Therefore, a state agency has an affirmative
3
No. 488817-II
obligation to disclose records requested under the PRA unless a specific exemption applies. Id.
at 371-72. And we must liberally construe the PRA in favor of disclosure and narrowly construe
its exemptions. RCW 42.56.030; Wash. State Patrol, 185 Wn.2d at 371.
Although the PRA encourages openness and transparency, the legislature has made
certain records exempt from disclosure. Wash. State Patrol, 185 Wn.2d at 371. There are three
sources of PRA exemptions: (1) enumerated exemptions contained in the PRA itself, (2) any
“other statute” that exempts or prohibits disclosure as provided in RCW 42.56.070(1), and
(3) the Washington Constitution. White v. Clark County, 188 Wn. App. 622, 630-31, 354 P.3d
38 (2015), review denied, 185 Wn.2d 1009 (2016). The party seeking to prevent disclosure of
requested records has the burden of establishing that an exemption applies. SEIU Healthcare
775NW v. Dep’t of Soc. & Health Servs., 193 Wn. App. 377, 391, 377 P.3d 214, review denied,
186 Wn.2d 1016 (2016).
RCW 42.56.540 allows an interested third party to seek to enjoin an agency’s disclosure
of records to a requester under the PRA. Wash. State Patrol, 185 Wn.2d at 370. Under this
statute, the party seeking an injunction must show that (1) the record specifically pertains to that
party, (2) an exemption applies, and (3) disclosure would not be in the public interest and would
substantially and irreparably harm the party or a vital governmental function. SEIU Healthcare,
193 Wn. App. at 392. The party seeking the injunction has the burden of proof. Wash. State
Patrol, 185 Wn.2d at 370.
We review de novo a trial court’s actions under the PRA and the injunction statute. Id. at
370-71.
4
No. 488817-II
B. “OTHER STATUTE” EXEMPTION
SEIU argues that two provisions of the PECBA, RCW 41.56.040 and RCW 41.56.140,
together provide an “other statute” exemption under the PRA. We disagree.1
1. Legal Principles
The “other statute” exemption is found in RCW 42.56.070(1): “Each agency, in
accordance with published rules, shall make available for public inspection and copying all
public records, unless the record falls within the specific exemptions of . . . this chapter, or other
statute which exempts or prohibits disclosure of specific information or records.“ (Emphasis
added.) Whether a statute is an “other statute” under RCW 42.56.070(1) is a question of law that
we review de novo. Wash. State Patrol, 185 Wn.2d at 371.
The Supreme Court in Washington State Patrol emphasized that an “other statute”
exemption applies only if that statute explicitly identifies an exemption and that a court cannot
imply such an exemption. Id. at 372. The court stated: “[W]e will find an ‘other statute’
exemption only when the legislature has made it explicitly clear that a specific record, or
portions of it, is exempt or otherwise prohibited from production in response to a public records
request.” Id. at 373. The statute “does not need to expressly address the PRA, but it must
expressly prohibit or exempt the release of records.” Id. at 372 (emphasis added).
In Washington State Patrol, the Supreme Court concluded that “courts consistently find a
statute to be an ‘other statute’ when the plain language of the statute makes it clear that a record,
1
Even if we held that the PECBA provides an “other statute” exemption to the PRA, SEIU
would have to show that DSHS’s release of the requested records here would constitute an unfair
labor practice. It is difficult to conceive of a situation where complying with a PRA request
would constitute an unfair labor practice. But we need not address this issue here.
5
No. 488817-II
or portions thereof, is exempt from production.” Id. at 375. The court reviewed several cases
applying an “other statute” exemption that support this proposition. Id. at 375-77.
In Fisher Broadcasting-Seattle TV LLC v. City of Seattle, the Supreme Court held that
RCW 9.73.090(1)(c) provided an “other statute” exemption for dashboard camera videos. 180
Wn.2d 515, 527-28, 326 P.3d 688 (2014). That statute provided that “[n]o sound or video
recording [made by a dashboard camera] may be duplicated and made available to the public . . .
until final disposition of any criminal or civil litigation which arises from the event or events
which were recorded.” RCW 9.73.090(1)(c).
In Ameriquest Mortgage Company v. Office of the Attorney General, the Supreme Court
held that the federal Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act (GLBA)2 and certain Federal Trade Commission
rules enacted pursuant to the GLBA provided an “other statute” exemption. 170 Wn.2d 418,
439-40, 241 P.3d 1245 (2010). That statute and related rules concerned privacy of bank
customers’ personal information and provided that “the receiving nonaffiliated third party may
not reuse or redisclose the nonpublic personal information to another nonaffiliated third party
unless an exception applies or the reuse or redisclosure would be lawful if done by the financial
institution.” Ameriquest, 170 Wn.2d at 426 (citing 15 U.S.C. § 6802(c) and 16 C.F.R. §
313.11(c)-(d)).
In Hangartner v. City of Seattle, the Supreme Court held that RCW 5.60.060(2)(a), the
attorney-client privilege statute, provided an “other statute” exemption. 151 Wn.2d 439, 453, 90
P.3d 26 (2004). That statute stated that “[a]n attorney or counselor shall not, without the consent
2
15 U.S.C. §§ 6801-6809.
6
No. 488817-II
of his or her client, be examined as to any communication made by the client to him or her, or his
or her advice given thereon in the course of professional employment.” RCW 5.60.060(2)(a)3.
In Planned Parenthood of the Great Northwest v. Bloedow, Division One of this court
held that RCW 43.70.050(2) provided an “other statute” exemption for records of induced
abortions. 187 Wn. App. 606, 623, 350 P.3d 660 (2015). That statute stated that health care data
“shall not be disclosed” when the patient or health care provider could be identified. RCW
43.70.050(2).
In Wright v. Department of Social and Health Services, this court held that chapter 13.50
RCW provided an “other statute” exemption for juvenile justice records. 176 Wn. App. 585,
597, 309 P.3d 662 (2013). RCW 13.50.100(2) stated that “[r]ecords covered by this section shall
be confidential and shall be released only pursuant to this section and RCW 13.50.010.”
The Supreme Court in Washington State Patrol essentially endorsed the holdings in these
cases. Conversely, the court noted that courts will not find an “other statute” exemption when a
statute is not explicit. 185 Wn.2d at 377. The court referenced this court’s decision in Belo
Management Services, Inc. v. Click! Network, 184 Wn. App. 649, 343 P.3d 370 (2014). In Belo,
the court addressed whether federal regulations allowing parties who submit materials to the
Federal Communications Commission to request that the information “not be made routinely
available for public inspection,” 47 C.F.R. § 0.459(a)(1), precluded disclosure of retransmission
consent agreements (RCAs). Id. at 660. The court held that these regulations did not provide an
“other statute” exemption because they did not “specifically state that RCAs are confidential and
3
RCW 5.60.060 has been amended since the events of this case transpired. However, these
amendments do not impact the statutory language relied on by this court. Accordingly, we do
not include the word “former" before RCW 5.60.060.
7
No. 488817-II
protected from disclosure” and did not “preclude disclosure of any specific information or
records.” Id. at 660-61.
In Washington State Patrol itself, the Supreme Court held that RCW 4.24.550 did not
provide an “other statute” exemption for information regarding sex offenders. 185 Wn.2d at
384-85. That statute stated that public agencies are authorized to release information regarding
sex offenders in certain situations and provided guidelines for local law enforcement to consider
when deciding whether to disclose such information. RCW 4.24.550(1)-(3). The court noted
that “[t]here is no language in the statute that prohibits an agency from producing records” and
that “[t]he plain language of RCW 4.24.550 does not explicitly exempt any records from
production.” Wash. State Patrol, 185 Wn.2d at 377.
2. PECBA Provisions
SEIU relies on the PECBA in an effort to prevent disclosure of the requested records.
The purpose of the PECBA is “to promote the continued improvement of the relationship
between public employers and their employees,” by regulating the “right of public employees to
join labor organizations of their own choosing and to be represented by such organizations in
matters concerning their employment relations with public employers.” RCW 41.56.010.
RCW 41.56.040 prohibits interference with public employees’ right to organize:
No public employer, or other person, shall directly or indirectly, interfere with,
restrain, coerce, or discriminate against any public employee or group of public
employees in the free exercise of their right to organize and designate
representatives of their own choosing for the purpose of collective bargaining, or
in the free exercise of any other right under this chapter.
RCW 41.56.140 states that it is an unfair labor practice for a public employer to engage in
certain conduct, including “(1) To interfere with, restrain, or coerce public employees in the
8
No. 488817-II
exercise of their rights guaranteed by this chapter” and “(2) To control, dominate, or interfere
with a bargaining representative.”
Significantly, no PECBA provision prohibits a public employer from releasing records or
even addresses the release of records. And no PECBA provision addresses the privacy or
confidentiality of information.
3. “Other Statute” Analysis
SEIU argues that the PECBA and specifically RCW 41.56.040 and RCW 41.56.140
provide an “other statute” exemption to the PRA when a public employer’s release of records
would constitute an unfair labor practice in violation of those provisions. SEIU asserts that the
PECBA expressly prohibits a public employer from committing an unfair labor practice and that
DSHS’s release of the requested records here would constitute an unfair labor practice. As a
result, SEIU claims that the PECBA prohibits the release of the requested records and therefore
provides an “other statute” exemption.
However, the Supreme Court in Washington State Patrol stated that to qualify as an
“other statute” under RCW 42.56.070(1), a statute must explicitly exempt or prohibit from
production a “specific record.” 185 Wn.2d at 373. The court emphasized that although the
statute need not reference the PRA, it “must expressly prohibit or exempt the release of records.”
Id. at 372. The PECBA does not explicitly exempt or prohibit the release of records or
information that would constitute an unfair labor practice. In fact, the PECBA does not even
mention any records or information. Holding that the PECBA provides an “other statute”
exemption would require us to imply such an exemption, which Washington State Patrol
expressly prohibits. Id. If the legislature had wanted to prevent the disclosure of information
9
No. 488817-II
related to public employees and their unions, it could have done so expressly through explicit
language.
SEIU argues that Washington State Patrol is consistent with its position because in
applying the rule stated in that case, the court favorably discussed cases that analyzed statutes
which did not expressly deal with records disclosure. SEIU refers to Hangartner, 151 Wn.2d at
453, and Progressive Animal Welfare Society v. University of Washington (PAWS II), 125 Wn.2d
243, 262, 884 P.2d 592 (1994).
Hangartner does not support SEIU’s position. The court in that case considered RCW
5.60.060(2)(a), the attorney-client privilege statute. That statute does not expressly address the
disclosure of records, but its entire focus is on the confidentiality of communications. Under
RCW 5.60.060(2)(a), there is no question that attorney-client communications found in public
records are exempt from any type of production. The PECBA does not involve the
confidentiality of communications.
PAWS II is more similar to this case. There, the court considered RCW 4.24.580, an anti-
harassment statute which allows animal researchers to obtain injunctive relief to protect against
being harassed.4 125 Wn.2d at 263. The court held that this statute qualified as an “other
statute” under the PRA. Id. at 262-63. The court stated that “researchers may seek to enjoin the
release of certain portions of public records if the nondisclosure of those portions is necessary to
prevent harassment as defined under the anti-harassment statute.” Id. at 263. Specifically, the
4
PAWS II also involved the Uniform Trade Secrets Act (UTSA), chapter 19.108 RCW, which
contained provisions designed to protect the secrecy of trade secrets. 125 Wn.2d at 262. The
court held that this statute also qualified as an “other statute” under the PRA. Id. at 262-63. Like
the attorney-client privilege statute and unlike the PECBA, the UTSA clearly focuses on the
confidentiality of certain records.
10
No. 488817-II
court held that the names of researchers and certain other information was exempt from PRA
disclosure. Id. at 263-64.
The court in Washington State Patrol cited PAWS II for general “other statute” principles.
185 Wn.2d at 372. However, the court did not endorse the holding in PAWS II regarding the
anti-harassment statute like it did for the cases discussed above. See id. at 375-77. To the extent
that PAWS II is inconsistent with the holding in Washington State Patrol that a statute must
expressly prohibit or exempt the release of records to qualify as an “other statute,” Washington
State Patrol’s holding controls.
SEIU also relies on the statement in Washington State Patrol that “when courts have
found an ‘other statute’ exemption, they have also identified a legislative intent to protect a
particular interest or value.” 185 Wn.2d at 377-78. SEIU points out that the PECBA reflects the
legislature’s intent to protect a particular value – public employees’ free exercise of their right to
organize. But the court in Washington State Patrol did not identify a legislative interest as an
independent basis for finding an “other statute” exemption. Instead, the court was noting that the
statutes that explicitly prevented the disclosure of certain information – the court’s test for
finding an “other statute” exemption – were designed to protect a particular interest or value.
The PECBA is not concerned with the privacy or confidentiality of specific records or
information, and it does not explicitly prohibit the release of records or information that would
constitute an unfair labor practice. Accordingly, we hold that the PECBA does not provide an
“other statute” exemption to the PRA under RCW 42.56.070(1).
11
No. 488817-II
CONCLUSION
We affirm the trial court’s denial of SEIU’s request for an injunction to prevent DSHS
from disclosing the records the Foundation requested.
MAXA, A.C.J.
We concur:
WORSWICK, J.
SUTTON, J.
12