State Of Washington v. William Frederick Jensen

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
STATE OF WASHINGTON,
DIVISION ONE J-...3
CS3
Appellant,
No. 74319-8-1
c3
v.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
WILLIAM FREDERICK JENSEN,
Respondent. FILED: November 14, 2016
Dwyer, J. - After a jury convicted William Jensen offour counts of
solicitation to commit first degree murder, the court entered a judgment and
sentence requiring restitution in an amount to be determined. The court later
entered a separate agreed order of restitution that included future counseling
costs. Jensen appealed the judgment and sentence but not the restitution order.
The Washington Supreme Court reversed two of Jensen's convictions and
remanded for vacation of those convictions and resentencing.
On remand, the court ordered restitution but, unaware of the prior order
setting restitution, set a future hearing to determine the amount. Jensen later
moved to strike that hearing on the ground that it was set more than 180 days
after the resentencing hearing and was therefore untimely under RCW
9.94A.753(1). In September 2009, the superior court orally granted Jensen's
motion, but entered no written ruling. The court ruled that the agreed order of
No. 74319-8-1/2
restitution entered in 2005 had expired when it was not reimposed on remand.
The court concluded that the current restitution hearing was therefore a hearing
to set restitution for the first time, not a hearing to modify the 2005 restitution
order, and that the hearing was untimely because it was set more than 180 days
after the resentencing hearing.
The State subsequently moved to supplement restitution, and the court
entered two orders - one memorializing the 2009 oral ruling and another striking
the State's motion. The State appeals these orders, arguing that the 2005
restitution order never expired and that the superior court erred by striking the
restitution hearings. We reverse.
I
Based on allegations that Jensen tried to hire hit men to kill his wife,
children, and sister-in-law, the State charged him with four counts of first degree
solicitation to commit murder. A jury convicted him and the court entered a
judgment and sentence ordering restitution in an amount to be determined at a
later hearing.
On June 7, 2005, the court entered an agreed order of restitution in the
amount of $2,304.50. The order also authorized restitution "forfuture additional
costs as counseling may be required in the future for all victims."
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Jensen appealed the judgment and sentence but did not appeal the order
of restitution.1 The Washington Supreme Court reversed two of Jensen's
convictions and remanded "for vacation of two convictions and for resentencing."
State v. Jensen, 164 Wash. 2d 943, 959, 195 P.3d 512 (2008).
In February of 2009, the court held a resentencing hearing. In its oral
ruling, the court noted that the original "sentence was reversed by the supreme
court with respect to the four unit of prosecutions [sic]." (Emphasis added.) The
court proceeded to impose a sentence at the top of the standard range. Itthen
stated:
The Court will reimpose all the other conditions of the [original]
sentence, including no contact with the victims. Restitution, I
believe Judge Jones waived certain costs and financial
circumstances. The Court is not going to make other changes to
[that] sentence.
Following the oral ruling, the prosecutor erroneously told the court that
while the original judgment and sentence ordered restitution in an amount to be
determined, no restitution order had ever been entered. Based on that
misinformation, the court agreed to set a future restitution hearing. It then signed
a new judgment and sentence that simultaneously required Jensen to pay
restitution "as set forth ... in the previously filed Appendix E," but ordered
restitution "to be determined at future restitution hearing." It is undisputed that no
appendix E had ever been filed with the court.
1Jensen filed his amended notice of appeal from the original judgment and sentence on
January 26, 2005, long before the June 2005 order setting restitution.
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No. 74319-8-1/4
In September of 2009, the court held a restitution hearing. Defense
counsel moved to strike the hearing, arguing that the court lacked authority to
award restitution because the hearing had not occurred within 180 days of
sentencing as required by RCW 9.94A.753(1). Anticipating the State's argument,
defense counsel further argued that the hearing was not a modification of the
2005 agreed order of restitution because the resentencing court had not
reimposed that order. The prosecutor disagreed, arguing that the reference to
the "previously filed Appendix E" in the resentencing court's judgment and
sentence "was intended to adopt anything that had been previously filed"
regarding restitution. Therefore, the prosecutor argued, the current hearing
involved a proposed modification to the 2005 restitution order and was not
subject to the 180-day time limit.
The court then asked the prosecutor the following question:
[l]f, upon resentencing, the court never reissued the prior restitution
order and never made reference to it, you would agree that then
there would be no restitution order?
[It] [d]oesn't automatically continue, in other words.
The prosecutor agreed, adding "I think thatwould probably be accurate" and
reiterating her contention that the resentencing court intended to adopt the prior
order.
The court then granted the motion to strike, ruling in pertinent part as
follows:
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No. 74319-8-1/5
The court agrees with [defense counsel], much reluctantly,
because this is certainly not equitable to the victims of Mr. Jensen.
. . . [I]t appears clear that I was not aware, or made aware, that
there was a previous restitution order. The prosecutor certainly
represented that there had not been one. Mistakenly, of course.
And so I did not enter a restitution order... in February of
2009 .... It's true we checked the box "Defendant shall pay
restitution as set forth in the previous filed appendix E," but there
was no appendix E and the court was not aware that there had
been a previous restitution order.
So unfortunately, the State waited too late to get this hearing
set, and the court believes it does not have any authority under the
case law and the statute to set a restitution order, .. . the [original]
order having expired when it was not made a condition of the new
sentence. So the court grants the defendant's motion to dismiss
the motion for restitution.
(Emphasis added.) Although defense counsel told the court he would prepare a
written order, no order was ever filed.
Six years later, in August of 2015, the State filed a motion to supplement
the original 2005 restitution order with counseling costs incurred since 2009.
Jensen moved to strike the hearing. The court granted the motion, stating in
part:
Because no written order was ever entered following [the] 9/30/15
rulingf ], a separate order shall be entered at this time reflecting that
ruling so that the State has an opportunity to appeal.
The Court notes that, as a result of the sequence of events
following remand, including an inadvertent reference in an Order on
Judgment and Sentence to an Exhibit E that did not exist, a
mistaken representation by the prosecutor that restitution had not
previously been set, and a failure by the prosecutor to set a hearing
for restitution within 180 days, the victims in this case have been
deprived of restitution. ... In light of [the court's] ruling in the
9/30/09 hearing, this Court does not have authority to conduct a
restitution hearing or order further restitution. However, the Court
urges both parties to consider the equities of the situation and to
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No. 74319-8-1/6
consider addressing the situation voluntarily or by entry of an
agreed order.
The court also entered an order reflecting the earlier September 30, 2009
oral ruling. That order states in part:
1. At the February 13, 2009 resentencing hearing the Court
was not made aware of Judge Jones' prior restitution order
dated 6/7/05.
2. Instead, the prosecutor represented to the Court
(mistakenly) during the February 2009 resentencing hearing
that there was no previous restitution order.
3. At the February 2009 resentencing hearing the Court
indicated that restitution would be determined at a future
hearing.
4. The order entered in February 2009 had a check in the box
"Defendant shall pay restitution as set forth in the previously
filed appendix E," but there was no appendix E and the court
was not aware that there had been a previous restitution
order.
5. The State waited too long to get a hearing set to determine
restitution.
6. The Court believes it does not have any authority to set a
restitution order, Judge Jones' order having expired when it
was not made a condition of the new sentence.
The State appeals the 2015 orders.
The State contends that the superior court erred by striking the restitution
hearings as untimely. It argues that the 2005 order setting the restitution amount
was timely and unaffected by either the Washington Supreme Court's decision
on appeal or Jensen's resentencing on remand. Therefore, the State reasons,
the restitution hearings on remand were modifications of the 2005 restitution
order, not original hearings to set restitution, and did not have to occur within 180
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No. 74319-8-1/7
days of resentencing under RCW 9.94A.753(1). Jensen, on the other hand,
contends the State cannot raise this issue because the prosecutor "conceded
that the restitution order from the first sentencing was not adopted at the
resentencing hearing and no longer had any force or effect" on remand. Br. of
Resp't at 1. He concludes that "the State should not be heard to argue the
opposite position now." Br. of Resp't at 4. Jensen's argument fails for several
reasons.
First, the argument is not supported by pertinent authority. Although
Jensen cites cases regarding preservation of errors, he cites nothing relating to a
party changing their position on appeal or being bound by a concession below.
Second, to the extent that Jensen contends that the State needed to
objectto preserve its claim that the 180-day time limit in RCW9.94A.753(1) did
not apply to the stricken restitution hearings, the record shows that the State did
objecton those grounds at the hearings. And even in the absence of an
objection and/or the occurrence of a concession, the issue may still be raised on
appeal because it concerns an error of law in the court's sentence. See In re
Pers. Restraint of Goodwin, 146 Wash. 2d 861, 877, 50 P.3d 618 (2002) (error of
law in sentence cannot be waived by stipulation and is reviewable for the first
time on appeal); RAP 2.5(a) (granting this court discretion to review unpreserved
errors).
Finally, the State contends, and Jensen does not dispute, that the victims
received no notice of the restitution hearing at which the State made its
No. 74319-8-1/8
concession. Because the victims had a constitutional right to notice of, and
participation in, any restitution hearings,2 we have discretion to review the court's
striking of those hearings as a manifest error affecting a constitutional right. RAP
2.5(a).
Turning to the merits, RCW 9.94A.753(1) states, in pertinent part, that
"[w]hen restitution is ordered, the court shall determine the amount of restitution
due at the sentencing hearing or within one hundred eighty days ...." This time
limit only applies to an initial hearing to set restitution; it does not apply to a
hearing set to modify an earlier timely restitution order. See RCW 9.94A.753(4)
(stating that restitution may be modified as to amount, terms, and conditions
while the offender remains under the court's jurisdiction); State v. Gray, 174
Wash. 2d 920, 927, 935, 280 P.3d 1110 (2012) (holding that courts may modify the
total amount of restitution after 180 days). The central dispute in this case is
whether the stricken restitution hearings were, in essence, hearings to modify a
timely restitution order, or hearings to set restitution in the first instance.
Resolution ofthis dispute turns on whether the 2005 restitution order survived the
first appeal and resentencing. If it did, then the stricken restitution hearings were
essentially modification proceedings and the 180-day time limit did not apply.
Citing State v. Harrison, 148 Wash. 2d 550, 562, 61 P.3d 1104 (2003),
Jensen argues that when, as here, a court remands a matter for "resentencing,"
the entire sentence is reversed or vacated. Jensen concludes that the 2005
2 Wash. Const, art. I, § 35.
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No. 74319-8-1/9
restitution order was vacated when the Washington Supreme Court remanded
his case for "resentencing." And because the resentencing court did not
reimpose that order, Jensen maintains that the stricken hearings were not
modification hearings and were therefore untimely. We disagree.
In Harrison, the appellate court "'reverse[d] Harrison's sentences and
remand[ed] for resentencing.'" Harrison, 148 Wash. 2d at 562 (emphasis added)
(alterations in original) (quoting State v. Harrison, noted at 100 Wash. App. 1049
(2000)). The appellate court in Harrison thus clearly reversed the defendant's
sentences in toto. By contrast, our Supreme Court in Jensen's appeal stated:
"We reverse, in part, and remand for vacation of two convictions and
resentencing." Jensen, 164 Wash. 2d at 947 (emphasis added). This language did
not reverse Jensen's sentences in their entirety. Nor did it affect the 2005
restitution order that Jensen had not appealed. State v. Rowland, 160 Wash. App.
316, 328, 249 P.3d 635 (2011) (noting that portions of an original judgment and
sentence that were valid when pronounced are "'unaffected by the reversal of
one or more counts'" (quoting State v. Kilqore, 167 Wash. 2d 28, 37, 216 P.3d 393
(2009))), affd, 174 Wash. 2d 150, 272 P.3d 242 (2012). Thus, contrary to Jensen's
assertions, it was not necessary for the resentencing court to reimpose the 2005
restitution order for it to have force and effect on remand. Because the 2005
order remained in effect on remand, the stricken restitution hearings were
hearings to modify restitution and were not subject to the 180-daystatutorytime
limit.
No. 74319-8-1/10
And even if we were to conclude that the 2005 order had to be reimposed,
the record indicates that it was. Interpretation of a court order or judgment is a
question of law, and we interpret such orders to give effect to the issuing court's
intent. In re Marriage of Thompson. 97 Wash. App. 873, 877, 988 P.2d 499 (1999);
Hillv. Hill. 3 Wash. App. 783, 786, 477 P.2d 931 (1970), overruled on other
grounds by Stokes v. Pollev. 145 Wash. 2d 341, 37 P.3d 1211 (2001). We may
consider a trial court's oral decision when interpreting a court's findings and
conclusions so long as there is no inconsistency. City of Lakewood v. Pierce
County, 144Wn.2d 118, 127. 30 P.3d 446 (2001) (quoting State v. Eppens. 30
Wash. App. 119, 126,633 P.2d 92 (1981)). An ambiguity in a court's judgment or
written decision may also be clarified by reference to the court's oral ruling. State
v. Smith. 82 Wash. App. 153, 159, 916 P.2d 960 (1996); State v. Hescock. 98 Wn.
App. 600, 606, 989 P.2d 1251 (1999). In addition, we have previously looked to
a resentencing court's oral ruling to determine its intent regarding the original
judgment and sentence. Rowland, 160 Wash. App. at 328.
Here, the judgment and sentence entered on remand is ambiguous
regarding restitution. It first states that Jensen "shall pay restitution ... as set
forth ... in the previously filed Appendix E." But it also states that restitution is
"to be determined at future restitution hearing" on a "[d]ate to be set." As noted
above, there was no previously filed appendix E, but there was a previously filed
order of restitution. In addition, the judgment purports to require payment of an
amount previously set, but then states that restitution will be set in the future.
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No. 74319-8-1/11
These ambiguities justify resort to the resentencing court's oral decision. In that
decision, the court announced the length of Jensen's confinement and then
expressly stated its intention to "reimpose all the other conditions of the
sentence" including restitution. While the prosecutor later misinformed the court
that no order setting restitution had previously been entered, the court's intent to
reimpose any and all aspects of the prior sentence other than those mentioned in
its ruling is clear.
For the reasons set forth above, we conclude the stricken restitution
hearings involved the modification of an extant restitution order and were
therefore not subject to the 180-day time limit in RCW 9.94A.753(1). The
superior court erred in ruling otherwise and in striking the hearings.
Reversed and remanded for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
We concur:,
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