State Of Washington v. Michael Alexander Gonzales

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
STATE OF WASHINGTON,
No. 79835-9-I
Respondent,
v. DIVISION ONE
MICHAEL ALEXANDER GONZALES, UNPUBLISHED OPINION
Appellant.
LEACH, J. — Michael Gonzales appeals his conviction for trafficking in stolen
property in the first degree. He claims the trial court violated his right to a
unanimous jury verdict because the record does not include sufficient evidence to
support the first of two alternative means charged. Because sufficient evidence
supports the first alternative means, we affirm.
BACKGROUND
Michael Gonzales worked for Wolfe Plumbing. On December 22, 2016,
Gonzales left a job site and never returned to work. Robert Lacseul, a foreman for
Wolfe Plumbing, visited the job site after returning from Christmas break on
January 2, 2017 and noticed that someone broke into the job box. He contacted
police after discovering tools were missing from the job box.
Detective Robert DeGabriele of the Lynnwood Police Department searched
a pawn registry for the missing tools. The search led detectives to Gonzales.
Gonzales told detectives, and testified at trial, he would “cut some locks off of some
Citations and pincites are based on the Westlaw online version of the cited material.
No. 79835-9-I/2
of the job boxes” and “take the items and sell them right away to obtain money” to
supply his drug problem. He admitted he would “take the tools and go pawn them
in order to get drug money.”
Gonzales pawned three items to Kandice Detherage, an employee of Cash
American pawn shop. She testified how a pawn transaction works. A customer
would exchange the pawned item for a loan and the customer would then have 90
days, plus a 30-day grace period, to repay the amount borrowed plus a finance
charge.
Alyshia Pfeiffer, a manager for Pawn Fathers pawn shop in Everett,
Washington also testified that Gonzales pawned two items to her. Gonzales
pawned items there for a short-term loan. Pawn Fathers would have held the
pawned property for 90 days until he paid back the loan plus interest. At the time
detectives seized the pawned items, none of the loans had matured.
The State charged Gonzales with theft in the second degree and trafficking
in stolen property in the first degree. The jury convicted Gonzales as charged.
Gonzales appeals the trafficking in stolen property conviction.
ANALYSIS
Gonzales claims the State violated his right to a unanimous jury verdict
because the State failed to present sufficient evidence to support one of the two
alternative means the jury was instructed to consider to convict him of trafficking
in stolen property; that he knowingly initiated, organized, planned, financed,
directed, managed, or supervised the theft of property for sale to others. He
asserts that because detectives recovered the stolen tools before the time
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Gonzales agreed to pay back the loan plus interest, the jury received insufficient
evidence of his intent to sell the tools to others.
Criminal defendants have a right to a unanimous jury verdict.1 When the
State charges a defendant with an alternative means crime, the right to a
unanimous jury verdict may also include the right to a unanimous jury
determination as to the means by which the defendant committed the crime. 2
When sufficient evidence supports each of the charged alternative means of
committing the crime, express jury unanimity is not required.3
When reviewing a defendant’s challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence
in a criminal case, Washington State appellate courts review the record viewing
the evidence in the light most favorable to the State to determine whether any
rational juror could find the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable
doubt.4 We draw all reasonable inferences from the evidence in favor of the State
and strongly against the defendant.5 A claim of insufficiency admits the truth of
the State’s evidence and all inferences reasonably drawn from it.6 We consider
circumstantial evidence as reliable as direct evidence.7 We defer to the jury to
resolve conflicting testimony, weigh the evidence, and draw reasonable inferences
from the testimony. 8
1
W ASH. CONST. art. I, § 21; Ramos v. Louisiana, 140 S. Ct. 1390, 206
L. Ed. 2d 583 (2020).
2
State v. Owens, 180 Wash. 2d 90, 95, 323 P.3d 1030 (2014).
3
State v. Smith, 159 Wash. 2d 778, 783, 154 P.3d 873 (2007).
4
State v. Salinas, 119 Wash. 2d 192, 201, 829 P.2d 1068 (1992).
5
Salinas, 119 Wash. 2d at 201.
6
Salinas, 119 Wash. 2d at 201.
7
State v. Johnson, 159 Wash. App. 766, 774, 247 P.3d 11 (2011).
8
State v. Lawson, 37 Wash. App. 539, 543, 681 P.2d 867 (1984).
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The State presented two alternative means of trafficking in stolen property
in the first degree. The first was that Gonzales knowingly initiated, organized,
planned, or supervised the theft of property for sale to others. The second was
that he trafficked in stolen property knowing the property was stolen. The trial court
also instructed the jury that to find Gonzales guilty, the jury need not unanimously
find him guilty of both alternatives, “as long as each juror finds that at least one
alternative has been proved beyond a reasonable doubt.”
Gonzales asserts insufficient evidence supports the first alternative means
because he only pawned the items, and since the loan was not past due and he
could retrieve them, no evidence shows he intended to sell the tools. But, he
admits that he pawned the stolen tools. In an earlier case we held that where a
defendant pawns goods for a loan, rather than a sale, that is “sufficient to support
a charge of trafficking in stolen property” because “[r]eading the trafficking statute
to prohibit only the transfer of title in stolen property would render the statute a
nullity.”9 So, the record includes sufficient evidence for a reasonable juror to
conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that Gonzales knowingly initiated, organized,
planned, or supervised the theft of property for sale to others. The State presented
sufficient evidence to support each alternative means charged.
9
State v. Hermann, 138 Wash. App. 596, 603-04,158 P.3d 96 (2007).
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CONCLUSION
The record contains sufficient evidence for a reasonable juror to find either
charged alternative means of trafficking in stolen property. We affirm.
WE CONCUR:
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