Citation Numbers: 77 Op. Att'y Gen. 187
Judges: DONALD J. HANAWAY, Attorney General
Filed Date: 8/26/1988
Status: Precedential
Modified Date: 4/17/2021
DARWIN L. ZWIEG, District Attorney Clark County
You ask a series of questions concerning the treatment and release of information for minors in alcohol or other drug abuse programs. Your questions arise under circumstances where a child over twelve years of age presents himself or herself to the county community services clinic for an outpatient evaluation and is subsequently determined to have an alcohol or other drug abuse problem. Thereafter, outpatient services are recommended, and the minor begins participating in ongoing alcohol or drug abuse counseling. It is at this time that the minor often tells the counselor that he or she does not want the parents notified of this treatment.
You ask whether the community services department can honor a minor's request for alcohol and other drug abuse treatment without parental notification. For most forms of outpatient treatment, parental consent and notification are unnecessary. Under section
*Page 188(a) Before performing any surgical procedure on the minor, unless the procedure is essential to preserve the life or health of the minor and the consent of the minor's parent or guardian is not readily obtainable.
(b) Before administering any controlled substances to the minor, except to detoxify the minor under par. (c).
(c) Before admitting the minor to an inpatient treatment facility, unless the admission is to detoxify the minor for ingestion of alcohol or other drugs.
(d) If the period of detoxification of the minor under par. (c) extends beyond 72 hours after the minor's admission as a patient.
You also ask two related questions which I will answer together for purposes of clarity. First, referring to portions of section
If it were not for specific limitations on release of alcohol or drug treatment records, parents could be notified that their child is a patient at an inpatient facility under section
It is a cardinal rule of statutory construction that conflicts between different statutes, by implication or otherwise, are not favored and will not be held to exist if they may otherwise be reasonably construed. Mack v. Joint School District No. 3,
When harmonizing inconsistent statutes, the specific governs the general. Caldwell v. Percy,
Notwithstanding the parents' general right to notice that their child is a patient at an inpatient facility under section
Notwithstanding par. (b), whenever federal law or applicable federal regulations restrict, or as a condition to receipt of federal aids require that this state restrict the release of information contained in the treatment records of any patient who receives treatment for alcoholism or drug dependency in a program or facility to a greater extent than permitted under this section, the department may by rule restrict the release of such information as may be necessary to comply with federal law and regulations. Rules promulgated under this paragraph shall supersede this section with respect to alcoholism and drug dependency treatment records in those situations in which they apply.
Wisconsin Administrative Code chapter HSS 92 (1986) is promulgated pursuant to section
Information may be released from the alcohol or drug abuse treatment records of a minor only with the consent of both the minor and the minor's parent, guardian or person in the place of a parent, except that outpatient or detoxification services information, *Page 190 with the qualifications about these services indicated in s.
51.47 (2), Stats., shall be disclosed only with the consent of the minor provided that the minor is 12 years of age or older.
By federal regulation, when a minor under state law can obtain treatment for alcohol or other drug abuse without the parent or guardian's approval, as under section
(b) State law not requiring parental consent to treatment. If a minor patient acting alone has the legal capacity under the applicable State law to apply for and obtain alcohol or drug abuse treatment, any written consent for disclosure authorized under Subpart C of these regulations may be given only by the minor patient. This restriction includes, but is not limited to, any disclosure of patient identifying information to the parent or guardian of a minor patient for the purpose of obtaining financial reimbursement. These regulations do not prohibit a program from refusing to provide treatment until the minor patient consents to the disclosure necessary to obtain reimbursement, but refusal to provide treatment may be prohibited under a State or local law requiring the program to furnish the service irrespective of ability to pay.
. . . .
(d) Minor applicant for services lacks capacity for rational choice. Facts relevant to reducing a threat to the life or physical well being of the applicant or any other individual may be disclosed to the parent, guardian, or other person authorized under State law to act on the minor's behalf if the program director judges that:
. . . .
(2) The applicant's situation poses a substantial threat to the life or physical well being of the applicant or any other individual which may be reduced by communicating relevant facts to the minor's parent, guardian, or other person authorized under State law to act in the minor's behalf.
Specifically for alcohol and other drug abuse treatment for minors, there is no need for parents to request the information to which they are entitled. Section
In this latter respect, your next question is whether the treatment program is required to notify parents and, if so, whether this notification is to be given as soon as treatment is completed under section
The parental notification envisioned by section
In all other situations, parental notification never could be viewed as "practicable." It should be noted, in passing, that even access to treatment records by the subject individual may be restricted during his or her treatment by the director of a treatment facility under the general terms of section
Your final question, quoting directly from your recent letter is: *Page 192
In regard to non-alcohol or other drug abuse outpatient mental health services to minors; Is the Community Services Department on safest ground by continuing their present policy of addressing emergency referrals such as a suicidal adolescent without parental notification if necessary, but once the emergency has passed, declining to provide ongoing counseling without parental consent?
As this question appears to solicit practical rather than legal advice, I respectfully decline to answer it. I simply note that individual counselors are in the best position to assess any given situation involving an adolescent, subject to any statutory restrictions on the provision of services and release of information.
I also invite to your attention two recent acts dealing with subjects generally related to your overall inquiry. Section
DJH:DPJ *Page 193