DocketNumber: No. 01-0252
Citation Numbers: 250 Wis. 2d 269, 2002 WI App 11
Judges: Curley, Fine, Schudson
Filed Date: 12/27/2001
Status: Precedential
Modified Date: 9/9/2022
¶ 1. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. appeals from the circuit court order granting Danny L. Schroeder's motion for declaratory judgment. The circuit court concluded that Schroeder's State Farm automobile insurance policy's antistacking provision was ambiguous and, therefore, that it did not preclude payment under the policy's uninsured motor vehicle provision even though payment had been made under the uninsured motor vehicle provision of Schroeder's ex-wife's State Farm policy, following the death of their daughter.
¶ 2. State Farm argues that recent decisions, including Estate of Dorschner v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 2001 WI App 117, 244 Wis. 2d 261, 628 N.W.2d 414, review denied, 2001 WI 114, 246 Wis. 2d 175, 634 N.W.2d 321, decided six months after the circuit court's decision in the instant case, require reversal. State Farm is correct and, accordingly, we reverse.
I. BACKGROUND
¶ 3. On August 22, 1996, Schroeder's sixteen-year-old daughter, Dorine, was killed in an auto accident while riding as a passenger in an uninsured motor vehicle. Schroeder and his ex-wife, Linda K. Bourdo, each had a car insured with State Farm. Each of the two policies provided $50,000 uninsured motor vehicle coverage per person, and each included the following antistacking provision:
Regardless of the number of policies involved, vehicles involved, persons covered, claims made, vehicles insured, or premiums paid, the limits for uninsured motor vehicle coverage under this policy may not be added to the limits for similar coverage applying to*273 other motor vehicles to determine the limits of uninsured motor vehicle coverage available for bodily injury suffered by an insured in any one accident.
It is undisputed that, under each policy, Dorine was a "personQ covered" as an "insured" and that "bodily injury" included death resulting from bodily injury. See also Wis. Stat. § 632.32(4)(a) (1999-2000)
¶ 4. As a result of Dorine's death, State Farm paid Schroeder and Bourdo $50,000 — the policy limit under the uninsured motor vehicle provision of her policy.
¶ 5. Challenging State Farm's denial, Schroeder argued that the policy's antistacking provision did not apply and, further, that Wis. Stat. § 632.32(5)(f),
¶ 6. On appeal, Schroeder again argues that the antistacking provision of his policy is inapplicable to the circumstances of this case. He also reiterates his argument that Wis. Stat. § 632.32(5)(f) unconstitutionally denies him substantive due process of law.
II. DISCUSSION
A. Applicability
¶ 7. The interpretation and application of an an-tistacking provision of an automobile insurance policy present questions of law subject to this court's de novo review. See Dorschner, 2001 WI App 117 at ¶ 3. Whether an antistacking provision is ambiguous presents a question of law we also review without deference to the circuit court. See id.
¶ 8. Schroeder argues that the antistacking provision of his policy is either inapplicable to his circumstances or ambiguous so that, in any event, it does not preclude his claim for uninsured motorist coverage merely because of the uninsured motor vehicle payment made under his ex-wife's policy. He focuses on the
¶ 9. Schroeder strives mightily to establish that the antistacking provision of his policy refers only to "similar coverage" within his own policy, and to "other motor vehicles" covered under his own policy. He explains:
[S]ince the anti[]stacking provision uses the term "similar" coverage, this must mean coverage similar to the type of coverage which is initially referred to in the provision. The provision initially refers to "uninsured motor vehicle coverage under this policy" and it says that the limits of that coverage cannot be added to the limits of "similar coverage applying to other motor vehicles." Therefore, the term "similar coverage" must refer to coverage that is similar to "uninsured motor vehicle coverage under this policy." One must then ask: What type of coverage is "similar" to "uninsured motor vehicle coverage under this policy"? The answer is: other uninsured motor vehicle coverage under this policy. A policy may provide uninsured motor vehicle coverage with respect to more than one vehicle. Therefore, the anti[]stacking provision essentially means that the limits of uninsured motor vehicle coverage provided under the policy with respect to one vehicle cannot be added to the limits of uninsured motor vehicle coverage provided under the policy with respect to other vehicles.
If State Farm had intended to provide in the anti[]stacking provision that the limits of uninsured*276 motor vehicle coverage under the policy could not be added to the limits of any other uninsured motor vehicle coverage, regardless of whether that coverage was provided under the same policy or another policy, State Farm could have said that. It could have said, for instance, that "the limits for uninsured motor vehicle coverage under this policy may not be added to the limits of any other uninsured motor vehicle coverage, under this policy or another policy." However, State Farm did not say that.
We disagree. Indeed, State Farm, in effect, did "say that" and more. By prefacing the antistacking provision with the all-encompassing introductory words — "Regardless of the number of policies involved, vehicles involved, persons covered, claims made, vehicles insured, or premiums paid" — State Farm did everything semantically possible to extend its antistacking endorsement to any other policy providing coverage.
¶ 10. In Dorschner, this court considered circumstances that, in many important respects, are similar to those of the instant case. Dorschner was a passenger in an insured car when she was killed in an auto accident with an uninsured vehicle driven by a drunk driver. See Dorschner, 2001WI App 117 at ¶ 2. The policy covering the car in which Dorschner was riding provided uninsured motorist coverage; the policy paid Dorschner's estate the full limits of that coverage. Id. The estate then sought to collect the policy limits under the uninsured motorist provision of Dorschner's State Farm policy. Id.
¶ 11. Dorschner's State Farm policy, however, included an antistacking clause identical to the one in the instant case. See id. at ¶ 4. Rejecting the argument that the antistacking provision was ambiguous, we concluded: "[T]he antistacking clause . .. tracks verbatim
¶ 12. While Schroeder points out that the facts of Dorschner do not line up exactly with those of his case, he fails to explain how the slight distinctions make any difference. After all, according to the introductory words of the antistacking provision in the State Farm policies, regardless of whether an uninsured motor vehicle payment has been made under a policy issued to the owner of an insured vehicle (as in Dorschner), or under a policy issued to a victim's parent (as in the instant case), the antistacking limitation is triggered. Thus, our conclusion in Dorschner controls this case as well.
B. Constitutionality
¶ 13. As noted, the circuit court did not address Schroeder's constitutional argument; we do so here. See State v. Holland Plastics Co., 111 Wis. 2d 497, 504-05, 331 N.W.2d 320 (1983) (appellate court may address issue raised but not resolved in circuit court where circuit court disposed of case on separate basis).
¶ 14. As the supreme court recently reiterated in reviewing a due-process challenge to another provision of Wis. Stat. § 632.32: "The constitutionality of a statute presents a question of law that we review de novo. A statute is presumed to be constitutional, and[] every presumption will he used to sustain the law if at all
¶ 15. Schroeder argues that Wis. Stat. § 632.32(5)(f), as applied to the circumstances of this case, is unconstitutional under Wis. Const, art. I, § 1 and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution.
¶ 16. "The threshold inquiry when analyzing an alleged violation of substantive due process is whether the challenger has established a deprivation of a liberty or property interest protected by the Constitution." Dowhower, 2000 WI 73 at ¶ 14. Here, under the supreme court's rationale in Dowhower, presented in a
¶ 17. In Dowhower, the supreme court considered a substantive due-process challenge to Wis. Stat. § 632.32(5)(i)l.
¶ 18. The supreme court concluded that "an insurer may reduce payments" under an uninsured or underinsured motor vehicle (UIM) insurance policy provision, "provided that the policy clearly sets forth that the insured is purchasing a fixed level of UIM recovery that will he arrived at by combining payments made from all sources." Id. at ¶ 33. Accordingly, the court held that the statute "on its own terms does not deprive the Dowhowers of any state or federal constitutional right to enter into insurance contracts without fraud, and, as a result, it does not present a substantive due process violation." Id. at ¶ 36.
By the Court. — Order reversed.
All references to the Wisconsin Statutes are to the 1999-2000 version unless otherwise noted.
According to his affidavit, however, Schroeder did not receive any portion of that payment.
WISCONSIN Stat. § 632.32(5)(f) provides:
A policy may provide that regardless of the number of policies involved, vehicles involved, persons covered, claims made, vehicles or premiums shown on the policy or premiums paid[,] the limits for any coverage under the policy may not be added to the limits for similar coverage applying to other motor vehicles to determine*274 the limit of insurance coverage available for bodily injury or death suffered by a person in any one accident.
WisConsin Const. art. I, § 1 states: "All people are bora equally free and independent, and have certain inherent rights; among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; to secure these rights, governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution provides, in relevant part, "nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law."
WISCONSIN Stat. § 632.32(5)(i), the statutory authorization for "reducing" clauses in automobile insurance policies, provides, in relevant part:
A policy may provide that the limits under the policy for uninsured or underinsured motorist coverage for bodily injury or death resulting from any one accident shall be reduced by any of the following that apply:
1. Amounts paid by or on behalf of any person or organization that may be legally responsible for the bodily injury or death for which the payment is made.