David Patton v. Circuit Court for Kenosha County

COURT OF APPEALS
DECISION NOTICE
DATED AND FILED This opinion is subject to further editing. If
published, the official version will appear in
the bound volume of the Official Reports.
September 13, 2023
A party may file with the Supreme Court a
Samuel A. Christensen petition to review an adverse decision by the
Clerk of Court of Appeals Court of Appeals. See WIS. STAT. § 808.10
and RULE 809.62.
Appeal Nos. 2023AP809-FT Cir. Ct. Nos. 2022JC3
2022JC4
2023AP810-FT
STATE OF WISCONSIN IN COURT OF APPEALS
DISTRICT II
No. 2023AP809-FT
IN RE THE FINDING OF CONTEMPT IN:
IN THE INTEREST OF A.G., A PERSON UNDER THE AGE OF 17:
DAVID PATTON,
APPELLANT,
V.
CIRCUIT COURT FOR KENOSHA COUNTY, THE
HONORABLE CHAD G. KERKMAN, PRESIDING,
RESPONDENT.
Nos. 2023AP809-FT
2023AP810-FT
No. 2023AP810-FT
IN RE THE FINDING OF CONTEMPT IN:
IN THE INTEREST OF A.B., A PERSON UNDER THE AGE OF 17:
DAVID PATTON,
APPELLANT,
V.
CIRCUIT COURT FOR KENOSHA COUNTY, THE
HONORABLE CHAD G. KERKMAN, PRESIDING,
RESPONDENT.
APPEALS from an order of the circuit court for Kenosha County:
CHAD G. KERKMAN, Judge. Affirmed.
¶1 GUNDRUM, P.J.1 Attorney David Patton appeals from an order of
the circuit court finding him in contempt and ordering him to pay a $100 fine. For
the following reasons, we affirm.
1
This appeal is decided by one judge pursuant to WIS. STAT. § 752.31(2)(h) (2021-22).
All references to the Wisconsin Statutes are to the 2021-22 version unless otherwise noted.
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Background
¶2 The contempt of court arises out of the State’s filing of two child-in-
need-of-protection-and-services petitions related to the children of Patton’s client,
Maria.2 In March 2023, Kenosha County Department of Children and Families
(DCFS) requested that the circuit court require Maria to sign releases for her own
medical information. The court previously had ordered that as a condition of the
return of her children, Maria had to “[s]ign all releases of information concerning
[her] own medical providers, as her medical issues and capabilities need to be
assessed.” At a March 22, 2023 review hearing, DCFS indicated that without the
records it could not determine whether Maria needed particular assistance from
DCFS in satisfying the conditions for her children’s return.
¶3 At the review hearing, Patton objected to DCFS’s request on the
basis that it was overbroad and compromised Maria’s privacy with regard to the
records being requested. He requested that the releases “be limited to what
[DCFS] actually needs … a more tailored approach,” although he provided no
specific suggestions for what such tailoring would look like, other than to intimate
that “psyche evals from the endocrinologist” had questionable relevancy. DCFS
responded that
[Maria] reports she can’t complete a majority of the
Conditions of Return because of her … medical conditions,
but she hasn’t provided us any information or knowledge
about what are those medical conditions. What does that
look like for her. How does that impact her ability to
parent.
2
Maria is a pseudonym.
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So DCFS is left not being able to efficiently provide all
the services needed because we don’t know what’s really
going on.
¶4 The circuit court agreed with DCFS that Maria’s “health is very
much a part of meeting the Conditions of Return” and the medical releases were
appropriate and not overbroad. It stated that Maria “needs to sign these releases or
she will not be meeting her Conditions of Return” and would not be able to get her
children back. Counsel for the State then indicated that Maria may be precluded
from raising a future defense that her medical issues are impeding her ability to
meet the conditions of return
[b]ecause if we can’t confirm that the medical issues are
stopping her from meeting her Conditions of Return and be
able to tailor a plan to assist in that, then she may not be
able to say, well, my medical issues stopped me from doing
it if she is not willing to release that information.
¶5 The circuit court responded: “Absolutely,” and the following
exchange then took place.
ATTORNEY PATTON: Your Honor … did you review
the request?
THE COURT: I have made my decision.
ATTORNEY PATTON: So you didn’t review the request?
THE COURT: I have made my decision.
ATTORNEY PATTON: Okay. I understand that you’ve
made your decision. I asked you a question. Are you
willing to answer it?
THE COURT: And I’m not answering it. I said I have
made a decision.
ATTORNEY PATTON: Okay.
THE COURT: You don’t get to ask that question.
ATTORNEY PATTON: Okay.
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THE COURT: Is it in the record? If not, I haven’t
reviewed it.
ATTORNEY PATTON: Okay.
THE COURT: You get to be respectful to this Court. If
it’s not in the record, obviously, I haven’t reviewed it.
ATTORNEY PATTON: Okay.
THE COURT: Based upon what I’m hearing here today, I
made my decision.
ATTORNEY PATTON: Okay. You made a decision that
it wasn’t overly broad without reviewing the record. That
is correct, Your Honor. Without reviewing—
THE COURT: You are now in contempt of court. I just
told you you do not get to talk to me like that. You do not
get to be disrespectful to this Court. Now you owe this
Court $100.
ATTORNEY PATTON: Okay.
THE COURT: Payable within five days. Watch how you
talk to this Court or any other Court. That’s it for today.
¶6 The circuit court subsequently entered a written order finding that
(1) “Patton argued with the court after a decision was made. He continued to
argue with the court and demanded an answer to his question, which caused a
disruption in the court,” and (2) “[a] finding of contempt was required for
purposes of preserving order in the court and protecting the authority and dignity
of the court.” The court ordered that Patton “is in contempt of court for continuing
to speak out of turn and arguing with the court after a decision was made. He is
fined $100 payable within 5 days or a civil judgment shall be entered.”
¶7 On March 27, 2023, Avery Abbott, who the record suggests works
with Patton at his law firm, e-mailed the circuit court’s judicial assistant
“requesting a hearing for the Court’s summary judgement [sic] in which
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Attorney Patton is entitled to representation and allocution.” The e-mail
continued: “At your earliest convenience, please provide dates for which this
hearing can be held.” Patton was copied on the e-mail. Twelve minutes later, the
judicial assistant provided four separate dates and times when the requested
hearing could be held the following week. Two days later, having apparently
received no response from Abbott or anyone else at Patton’s office, the judicial
assistant sent another e-mail stating, “Please see dates below. If I don’t hear back
by 5pm on 3/30/23 I will pick one.” Later that same day, Grant Henderson, who
the record suggests is an attorney with Patton at his law firm and is representing
Patton in this appeal, e-mailed the judicial assistant stating, “Thank you for
following up. At this point, I’ve been able to review the final order and the
transcript we received today, so we are withdrawing our request for a hearing on
the matter.” Several days later, the court entered judgment against Patton in the
amount of $100.
¶8 Patton appeals.
Discussion
¶9 Patton contends the circuit court erred in determining his conduct
warranted a contempt finding and that even if it did not err in this regard, it erred
in “fail[ing] to afford or notify Attorney Patton of his right to allocution, rendering
the imposed fine unenforceable.” We disagree and affirm.
¶10 We review de novo whether the circuit court followed proper
procedures in exercising its contempt power. Evans v. Luebke, 2003 WI App
207, ¶16, 267 Wis. 2d 596, 671 N.W.2d 304. “A circuit court’s contempt decision
is discretionary and will be affirmed if the court reached a reasonable decision
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after applying the proper legal standards to the relevant facts.” Society Ins. v.
Bodart, 2012 WI App 75, ¶7, 343 Wis. 2d 418, 819 N.W.2d 298. Whether a
contempt of court occurred is a question of fact, which we uphold unless it is
clearly erroneous. Oliveto v. Circuit Ct. for Crawford Cnty., 194 Wis. 2d 418,
427, 533 N.W.2d 819 (1995).
¶11 The parties here agree the circuit court operated under the contempt
procedures identified in WIS. STAT. § 785.03(2). That provision states:
The judge presiding in an action or proceeding may impose
a punitive sanction upon a person who commits a contempt
of court in the actual presence of the court. The judge shall
impose the punitive sanction immediately after the
contempt of court and only for the purpose of preserving
order in the court and protecting the authority and dignity
of the court.
WISCONSIN STAT. § 785.01(1) provides, as relevant here, that “[c]ontempt of
court” means intentional “[m]isconduct in the presence of the court which
interferes with a court proceeding or with the administration of justice, or which
impairs the respect due the court” or “[d]isobedience, resistance or obstruction of
the authority, process or order of a court.”
¶12 While Patton claims he was merely attempting to “clarify” the
record and “at no point did his attempt to make a record of the decision evolve into
an act that would undermine the authority or the dignity of the circuit court,” we
disagree. We conclude the circuit court did not clearly err in finding that Patton’s
conduct and comments constituted contempt of court.
¶13 The record indicates Patton was exhibiting both “[m]isconduct in the
presence of the court … which impair[ed] the respect due the court” and
“resistance … of the authority” of the court, in violation of WIS. STAT.
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§ 785.01(1)(a) and (b), respectively. Moreover, this exhibition took place in front
of numerous other individuals involved in the case.3 After the court made its
decision that the medical release was fine as it was and did not need to be limited,
Patton began challenging the integrity of the court and its decision by stating:
“Your Honor … did you review the request?” When the court responded that it
had made its decision, Patton’s challenge escalated, “So you didn’t review the
request?” When the court again responded, “I have made my decision,” Patton
came back with, “I asked you a question.” Even within the full context of Patton’s
response here,4 Patton was upping his challenge to the court, and his response
reads as if he was attempting to strong-arm the court into answering his question.
The court seems to have interpreted Patton’s response similarly as it shortly
thereafter stated, “You get to be respectful to this Court,” and in its written order
stated that Patton “continued to argue with the court and demanded an answer to
his question.” Immediately after telling Patton “[y]ou get to be respectful to this
Court,” the court stated, “If it’s not in the record, obviously, I haven’t reviewed
it.” Patton responded, “Okay.”
¶14 The circuit court next stated, “Based upon what I’m hearing here
today, I made my decision.” Despite the warning the court delivered to Patton just
moments earlier about being respectful to the court, Patton delivered his snarky,
rude, and unnecessary response, “Okay. You made a decision that it wasn’t overly
3
The record indicates that in addition to Maria, the father of the children was also
present, as well as the assistant district attorney representing the State, a representative from the
Department of Children and Families, and the guardian ad litem.
4
The full context is that Patton responded: “Okay. I understand that you’ve made your
decision. I asked you a question. Are you willing to answer it?”
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broad without reviewing the record. That is correct, Your Honor. Without
reviewing—.” At that point, the court found Patton’s conduct and comments
constituted contempt, and we conclude the court did not err with this finding as the
conduct and comments “impair[ed] the respect due the court” and also exhibited
Patton’s resistance to the court’s authority. See WIS. STAT. § 785.01(1)(a). While
an appellate court is obviously not able to directly observe the tone and inflection
with which words are delivered at a hearing, here Patton’s tone and inflection
nearly jump off the page. Patton was not “making a record” on the issue for his
client or “summarizing,” as he claims; the record already spoke for itself. As the
court correctly states in its response brief in this appeal, Patton’s questions instead
“were an attempt to make the court look bad for not looking at releases he himself
had failed to provide to the court.”5 The court’s finding that Patton’s conduct and
comments constituted contempt of court was not clearly erroneous.
¶15 Patton next complains that he was not afforded an opportunity to
provide an allocution to the circuit court. We disagree.
¶16 Both the circuit court and Patton direct us to our state supreme
court’s decision in Oliveto. In that case, immediately after the circuit court
pronounced the defendant’s sentence, defense counsel turned to the defendant and
said “ridiculous” loud enough for those in the courtroom to hear. Oliveto, 194
Wis. 2d at 424. After the court confirmed with counsel she did indeed say this, it
5
The circuit court repeatedly represents in its response brief that Patton never submitted
the medical releases in question to the court for its consideration and that they were not otherwise
in the record at the time of the review hearing. Patton does not dispute this in his reply brief.
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found her in contempt, fined her $250, and ordered her to get her money out of the
purse in her car and “bring it in and pay” the fine immediately. Id. at 425.
¶17 On review, the supreme court agreed counsel had engaged in
contemptuous behavior with her “ridiculous” comment. Id. at 428. Nonetheless,
the Oliveto court set aside the contempt finding and fine because the circuit court
had not afforded counsel an opportunity for allocution after it found her in
contempt but before the punishment was imposed, which would have afforded the
court an opportunity “to vacate the contempt order entirely or to give a more
lenient sanction, after considering any mitigating factors revealed in the
allocution.” Id. at 435-36. The Oliveto court indicated an individual facing a
sanction after a finding of contempt should be provided “an opportunity … to
apologize or to defend or explain the contumacious behavior,” an opportunity that
“allows the contemnor to speak in mitigation of the misconduct which the court
has already determined.” Id. at 436.
¶18 In the case now before us, at the review hearing and in a written
order entered the same day, the circuit court stated that Patton’s $100 fine would
be “payable within five days.” Patton, however, e-mailed the court before that
time period expired requesting a hearing for the specific purpose of allowing
Patton an opportunity for allocution. Twelve minutes later, the court responded by
providing Patton four dates and times the following week for such an opportunity.
When the court heard no response back from Patton within the next two days, it
reached out to Patton, inviting him to select one of the times offered and stating
that if he did not do so by March 30, 2023, the court would “pick one.” Instead of
choosing one of the four options or suggesting an alternative option for exercising
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his right of allocution, Patton explicitly withdrew his request for that opportunity.
It was only after all of this that the court entered judgment for the $100 fine.
¶19 Based on this record, we can only conclude the circuit court properly
afforded Patton an opportunity to exercise his right of allocution related to the
$100 fine, and Patton unmistakably declined to exercise that right. The court did
not err in how it handled Patton’s right to allocution.
By the Court.—Order affirmed.
This opinion will not be published. See WIS. STAT.
RULE 809.23(1)(b)4.
11