Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before
any court except for the purpose of Mar 19 2014, 10:08 am
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the
case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
AMY KAROZOS GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Greenwood, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
ROBERT J. HENKE
CHRISTINE REDELMAN
Deputies Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
IN THE MATTER OF THE )
TERMINATION OF THE PARENT-CHILD )
RELATIONSHIP OF: )
)
J.E. (Minor Child), )
)
And )
)
C.E. (Father), )
)
Appellant-Respondent, )
)
vs. ) No. 49A02-1309-JT-749
)
THE INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF )
CHILD SERVICES, )
)
Appellee-Respondent. )
APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT
The Honorable Larry Bradley, Magistrate
The Honorable Marilyn Moores, Judge
Cause No. 49D09-1302-JT-5937
March 19, 2014
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
ROBB, Judge
Case Summary and Issues
C.E. (“Father”) appeals the trial court’s termination of his parental rights to J.E, his
daughter. He raises two issues for review: 1) whether the Department of Child Services
(“DCS”) failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence that there was a satisfactory plan
for J.E.; and 2) whether the termination of Father’s parental rights violated his due process
rights since the termination was based solely on his incarceration. Concluding there was a
satisfactory plan for J.E. and Father’s due process rights were not violated, we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
Father has been incarcerated in federal prison since November 2011 on three
charges: distribution of child pornography, possession of child pornography, and
tampering with a witness. In June 2012 he was convicted on all three counts and sentenced
to four hundred and eighty months in prison. R.E.1 (“Mother”), Father’s wife, gave birth
to J.E. on March 27, 2012, while Father was in prison. On April 24, 2012, DCS filed a
1
She is also referred to as R.S. in the record.
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petition alleging J.E. was a child in need of services (“CHINS”) because Mother had two-
week-old J.E. with her while she was prostituting at a lingerie shop. Mother informally
placed J.E. with Father’s step-aunt (“Aunt”), and shortly after, DCS requested that J.E. be
officially removed from Mother’s care and placed with Aunt.
At an August 6, 2012, hearing, Mother admitted to an amended CHINS allegation
that she had unstable housing and intervention was necessary to ensure J.E.’s safety and
well-being, and Father waived fact-finding and agreed to proceed to disposition with no
services ordered until he was released from incarceration. The initial plan for J.E. was
reunification with her parents, but eventually the plan was changed to adoption. On
February 14, 2013, DCS filed a petition to involuntarily terminate Mother’s and Father’s
parental rights. The termination hearing was originally set for May 2013, but because
Father’s criminal appeal was still pending, the court granted a continuance to July 2013.
A motion to continue the July trial date while Father’s appeal was pending was denied, and
the termination hearing was held July 31, 2013.2 Father was incarcerated out of state but
participated in the hearing by videoconference. Father opposed the termination of his
parental rights and stated he had participated in the CHINS and termination cases to the
extent he was able. He objected to J.E.’s placement with Aunt because Aunt was not
facilitating Father and J.E.’s relationship or a relationship between J.E. and her sibling;
Father instead wanted his father to have guardianship of J.E. while maintaining his parental
rights. He also argued that Aunt was unsuitable because she was a prostitute. The trial
2
Mother signed a consent to adopt before the termination hearing; only Father’s parental rights
were at issue.
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court entered an order terminating the parent-child relationship on August 5, 2013. Father
now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.
Discussion and Decision
I. Satisfactory Plan for J.E.
A. Standard of Review
The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the right of
parents to establish a home and raise their children. In re J.S.O., 938 N.E.2d 271, 274 (Ind.
Ct. App. 2010). The involuntary termination of parental rights is an extreme measure to
be used only when all other reasonable efforts have failed. Id. The interests of the child
trump the interest of the parent, though, when evaluating the circumstances surrounding
termination of a parent-child relationship. In re J.H., 911 N.E.2d 69, 73 (Ind. Ct. App.
2009), trans. denied.
In reviewing the termination of parental rights, we give deference to the trial court’s
unique position to assess the evidence. Id. Therefore, we consider only the evidence and
reasonable inferences that are most favorable to the judgment. In re G.Y., 904 N.E.2d
1257, 1260 (Ind. 2009). When reviewing findings of fact and conclusions of law involving
a termination of parental rights, we apply a two-tiered standard of review: first, we
determine whether the evidence supports the findings, and second whether the findings
support the judgment. Id. We will not reweigh the evidence or judge witness credibility
and will set aside the trial court’s judgment only if it is clearly erroneous. Id.The requirements for involuntary termination of the parent-child relationship are
codified in Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2). The State must show:
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(A) that one (1) of the following is true:
(i) The child has been removed from the parent for at least six (6)
months under a dispositional decree.
(ii) A court has entered a finding under IC 31-34-21-5.6 that
reasonable efforts for family preservation or reunification are not
required, including a description of the court’s finding, the date of the
finding, and the manner in which the finding was made.
(iii) The child has been removed from the parent and has been under
the supervision of a local office or probation department for at least
fifteen (15) months of the most recent twenty-two (22) months,
beginning with the date the child is removed from the home as a result
of the child being alleged to be a child in need of services or a
delinquent child;
(B) that one (1) of the following is true:
(i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that resulted
in the child’s removal or the reasons for placement outside the home
of the parents will not be remedied.
(ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation of the
parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-being of the child.
(iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been adjudicated a
child in need of services;
(C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and
(D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the child.
The State must present clear and convincing evidence of each of those elements. In re
S.P.H., 806 N.E.2d 874, 880 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004); Ind. Code § 31-37-14-2. Failure to
prove even one of the elements is sufficient to reverse a termination of a parent-child
relationship. See In re G.Y., 904 N.E.2d at 1261.
B. Satisfactory Plan
Here, Father challenges only proof of the requirement of Indiana Code section 31-
35-2-4(b)(2)(D) that there was a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of J.E.
Regarding the plan for J.E., the trial court made the following findings and conclusions:
13. There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that resulted in
[J.E.]’s removal and continued placement outside the home will not be
remedied by her father. [Father] was incarcerated and unavailable to parent
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at the beginning of the ChINS [sic] case, and he will be incarcerated and
unavailable to parent until [J.E] is forty years of age.
14. Continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to [J.E]’s
well-being in that it would pose as a barrier in obtaining permanency for her
through an adoption.
15. [J.E.] has been in kinship care since June of 2012. This placement is
preadoptive and [J.E.] has been observed as having bonded with all the
people in the home, and is well cared for.
16. Termination of the parent-child relationship is in the best interests of
[J.E.]. Termination would allow [J.E.] to be adopted by the only family she
has known and into a stable and permanent environment where her needs
will be safely met.
17. There exists a satisfactory plan for the future care and treatment of [J.E.],
that being adoption.
18. [J.E.]’s Guardian ad Litem agrees with the plan of termination and
adoption as being in [J.E.]’s best interests to provide for permanency and
stability.
Father admits that DCS had a plan for J.E.: adoption. Father argues that this was not a
satisfactory plan because there were allegations against Aunt that she is a prostitute; that
Aunt does not allow J.E. to have any contact with her blood relatives; and that Father’s
father was willing to care for J.E. Father does not specifically challenge any of the trial
court’s findings relating to whether there was a satisfactory plan; rather, he believes that
relative placement with his father would be a better alternative to termination.
The State argues, and we agree, that this case is analogous to In re B.M., 913 N.E.2d
1283 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009). In In re B.M., the father was facing a prison sentence of twenty
years to life, and DCS filed a petition to terminate his parental rights. The father argued
that his sister would be willing to care for the child, but the sister was never contacted about
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the suggested arrangement nor did she appear in court on the matter. This court held the
termination of parental rights was appropriate despite the fact that the Father’s proposed
alternative living arrangement was not considered. Id. at 1286-87.
Similarly, here, Father suggested an alternate place for J.E. to live instead of
terminating his parental rights; he also argued that the relative placement could continue
as is without requiring his parental rights be terminated. Father’s father was never
interviewed by the family case manager, guardian ad litem, or the court about placement.
Father’s father also did not appear at the hearing to testify whether he would actually be
willing to accept placement of the child. Despite Father’s argument that there was an
alternative, “DCS is only required to establish that there is a satisfactory plan for the care
and treatment of the child in termination proceedings.” Id. at 1287 (internal quotations
omitted). Adoption is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of a child in termination
proceedings. Id. For these reasons, we cannot say that the trial court’s termination of
Father’s parental rights was clearly erroneous.
II. Due Process
A. Standard of Review
Father next argues that his due process rights were violated because DCS failed to
follow the statutory requirement of making a reasonable effort to reunify the family in the
CHINS case leading to termination. Due process in parental rights cases involves the
balancing of three factors: (1) the private interests affected by the proceeding; (2) the risk
of error created by the State’s chosen procedure; and (3) the countervailing government
interest supporting the use of the challenged procedure. In re C.G., 954 N.E.2d 910, 917
7
(Ind. 2011) (citing Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 335 (1976)). Father’s interest in
the care, control, and custody of his child is a substantial interest. Id. Likewise, the State’s
parens patriae interest in protecting the welfare of J.E. is substantial. Id. We must then
examine the third factor: the risk of error created by DCS’s actions and the trial court’s
actions. “[P]rocedural irregularities in a CHINS proceeding may be of such import that
they deprive a parent of procedural due process with respect to the termination of his or
her parental rights.” A.P. v. Porter Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 734 N.E.2d 1107,
1112-13 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000), trans. denied.
B. Father’s Due Process Rights
We note here that Father does not argue that he did not receive notice of the
hearings, that he was unable to participate in hearings while he was incarcerated, or that he
was unable to be heard at those hearings. His due process argument is that the DCS failed
to attempt reunification between Father and J.E. as it was required to do.3 He further argues
that a father’s relationship with his child cannot be terminated simply because he is
incarcerated,4 and a parent’s incarceration does not relieve DCS of its duty to attempt
reunification.
3
To the extent Father argues that DCS failed to consider alternative placements under the due
process argument, his argument is indistinguishable in substance from the argument based on sufficiency
of the plan, addressed supra, Section I.B.
4
Father cites no authority on this point; rather, he relies on Indiana Code sections 31-34-21-5.6(b)
and 31-35-3-4 which provide exceptions to the requirement to make reasonable efforts to preserve and
reunify families and crimes upon which a petition to terminate a parent-child relationship may be based,
respectively. He argues that since his crime did not fit into one of these exceptions, DCS was required to
make a reasonable effort to preserve and reunite his relationship with his daughter while he is serving a
forty-year prison sentence. Under these circumstances, we do not believe DCS failed to make a reasonable
effort to reunite Father with daughter.
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Father did not raise this issue at the trial court, so in order to succeed on a claim
when it has not been preserved, he must be able to show it was a fundamental error.
Konopasek v. State, 946 N.E.2d 23, 27 (Ind. 2011). “To overturn a trial court ruling based
on fundamental error, we must conclude that the error was a clearly blatant violation of
basic and elementary principles, and the harm or potential for harm therefrom must be
substantial and appear clearly and prospectively.” In re M.M., 733 N.E.2d 6, 11 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2000) (quotations omitted). While we agree that the harm to Father, the termination
of his parental rights, is substantial and clear, he has failed to show how DCS’s
reunification efforts would have ever been successful since J.E. will be well into adulthood
by the time Father is released from custody. Any failure on DCS’s part to attempt
reunification does not rise to the level of fundamental error. See Castro v. State Office of
Family & Children, 842 N.E.2d 367, 377 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. denied. We also note
that it was not the fact that Father was incarcerated that lead his rights to be terminated; it
was the fact that he will be unable to provide food, shelter, clothing, support, or care for
his daughter for the entirety of her childhood that led to the termination decision. For these
reasons, we conclude Father was not denied due process in the termination proceedings.
Conclusion
Concluding that DCS’s plan of adoption for J.E. was satisfactory and Father was
not denied due process in the termination proceedings, we affirm.
Affirmed.
BARNES, J., and BROWN, J., concur.
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