MEMORANDUM DECISION
Jun 15 2015, 6:03 am
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as
precedent or cited before any court except for the
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Erin L. Berger Gregory F. Zoeller
Evansville, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Robert J. Henke
James D. Boyer
Deputy Attorneys General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
In the Matter of the Termination June 15, 2015
of the Parent-Child Relationship Court of Appeals Case No.
of: L.D. and K.F. (Minor 82A04-1410-JT-505
Children), Appeal from the Vanderburgh
Superior Court
The Honorable Brett J. Niemeier,
B.W. (Father), Judge
Appellant-Respondent, Cause Nos. 82D01-1403-JT-28
82D01-1403-JT-29
v.
The Indiana Department of
Child Services,
Appellee-Petitioner.
Brown, Judge.
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[1] B.W. (“Father”) appeals the involuntary termination of his parental rights with
respect to his children, L.D. and K.F. (together, the “Children”). Father raises
three issues, which we revise and restate as:
I. Whether the trial court abused its discretion by denying Father’s
motion to continue the termination hearing;
II. Whether the trial court abused its discretion by denying Father’s
motions for a new trial and to correct error; and
III. Whether the evidence is sufficient to support the termination of
Father’s parental rights.
We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[2] On July 20, 2011, the Indiana Department of Child Services Local Office in
Vanderburgh County (“DCS”) received a report that K.F. tested positive for
THC at birth and that L.D. had also tested positive for THC at birth on
December 9, 2009. On July 22, 2011, A DCS case manager met with A.D.
(“Mother”), who admitted “to using marijuana during her pregnancy” and
“that she last used marijuana on or around 7/20/2011”. DCS Exhibit 2 at 2.
On August 8, 2011, DCS submitted for the court’s approval a Program of
Informal Adjustment (“PIA”), which the court approved.1 Among other things,
Mother was to remain drug free as part of the PIA.
1
A Program of Informal Adjustment is a negotiated agreement between a family and a local office of the
Indiana Department of Child Services whereby the family agrees to participate in various services in an effort
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[3] Despite the requirements of the PIA, Mother failed to submit to drug screens
and tested positive for drugs on several drug screens to which she did submit.
As a result, the court authorized and DCS filed a Children in Need of Services
(“CHINS”) petition on December 6, 2011, and that same day, Mother admitted
to the allegations in the petition. In its CHINS petition, DCS also alleged that
Father used illegal drugs. Father was not present for the initial adjudication of
the children as CHINS, but did agree with the finding at a hearing held on
March 28, 2012.
[4] Initially, Father did not agree to take part in services provided by DCS;
however, on April 11, 2012, he agreed to participate in services. In its
dispositional order entered on April 24, 2012, the court ordered Father to
participate in a drug treatment program, submit to random drug screens, and
remain drug free. The Children were removed from Mother’s home and placed
in their maternal grandmother’s home on May 2, 2012.
[5] On February 25, 2013, a petition to enter judgment of conviction and impose
sentence on Father on a charge of possession of marijuana with intent to
distribute as a class D felony was filed in Warrick County, and he subsequently
“went on the run.” Transcript at 15. In July 2013, Father was arrested on
charges of possession of marijuana with intent to distribute as a class D felony
to prevent the child or children from being formally deemed a child or children in need of services. See Ind.
Code § 31-34-8 et seq.
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and receiving stolen property as a class D felony, and on October 21, 2013, he
was found guilty on those charges and sentenced to serve three years.
[6] On March 19, 2014, DCS filed a Verified Petition to Terminate Parental Rights
with regard to Father and the Children.2 The court set a fact-finding hearing for
June 10, 2014. At the time of the hearing, Father was incarcerated at Wabash
Valley Correctional Facility. At the start of the hearing, Father moved to
continue the hearing based upon his release date being sometime between
December 2014 and February 2015 and his desire to participate in services so
that he may work toward being reunited with the Children. The trial court
denied Father’s motion.
[7] Father testified that he had last seen the Children two days prior to his arrest in
July 2013, and that he had participated in services with DCS until he “was on
the run, from February to July” 2013, but admitted that the extent of his
participation was that he “[j]ust complied with the Drug Court in Warrick
County ‘cause that was all they told [him he] had to do.” Id. at 15. He testified
that he participated in a substance abuse treatment program and other programs
called Life Recovery, Celebrate Recovery, and Cognitive Thinking while
incarcerated, that his release date could be as early as October 23, 2014, if he
were to be granted all of the time cuts for which he was eligible, and that, upon
2
Mother voluntarily terminated her parental rights when the petitions were filed. The facts presented are
those related to Father.
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his release, he planned to “get [his] life situated and come get [his] kids.” Id. at
22.
[8] Father further testified that he had lived with L.D. in 2009 and part of 2010,
and that he had never had custody of either of the Children. When asked what
he had done to have the Children placed in his care, Father responded
“[n]othing really.” Id. at 17. He acknowledged that he had never paid child
support for the Children and does not have a car, property, or savings, and,
when not incarcerated, he has lived with his mother or a friend. He stated that
he planned to initially live with his mother or sister and that he had three job
opportunities awaiting him upon his release. When asked about his previous
employment, Father responded: “I picked up employment right before I went
on Drug Court and lost that employment right around November or so. Then I
picked up employment again in January but then I quit when I went on the
run.” Id. at 17.
[9] DCS introduced evidence that Father has a criminal history spanning ten years,
which includes eighteen misdemeanor and four felony convictions.
Specifically, in addition to the most recent felony possession of marijuana with
intent to distribute and receiving stolen property convictions, Father had been
convicted of criminal trespass as a class D felony and possession of marijuana
as a class D felony. Regarding Father’s past substance abuse, DCS introduced
evidence that Father began using marijuana when he was ten years old and that
by the time he was twelve years old he was smoking marijuana daily except
when he was incarcerated or on probation, had tried cocaine, prescription
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drugs, mushrooms, LSD, and methamphetamine, and began drinking at fifteen
years old.
[10] As to Father’s participation in Drug Court, DCS introduced evidence that
Father tested positive for THC at his July 16, 2012 intake to the program. A
week later he admitted to his Drug Court case manager that he enjoys smoking
marijuana and that he will smoke it again. On August 7, 2012, he told his case
manager that he was done using illegal marijuana, and on October 3, 2012, he
tested positive for Tramadol. On October 12, 2012, the Drug Court ordered
Father to report to residential treatment on November 16, 2012. Father then
failed to attend drug treatment appointments on December 26, 2012, December
31, 2012, and on February 21, 2013. On February 22, 2013, he tested positive
for methamphetamine and synthetic cannabinoids. On February 25, 2013, the
Warrick County Probation Office filed its petition to enter judgment of
conviction and impose sentence because Father had, inter alia, violated Drug
Court rules.
[11] At the termination hearing, the following exchange occurred during the direct
examination of Court Appointed Special Advocate Judy Collins (“CASA
Collins”) regarding the Children’s placement:
A: Oh, they should absolutely stay with their grandparents. It’s all
they’ve ever known. They are happy, well adjusted. I can’t imagine
how horrible it would be if you took them and put them anywhere
else. For one thing they’d have to leave [older sister], not . . . as well
as the grandparents and other people in the home. And [grandmother]
doesn’t have a problem sharing them. If [Father] gets out of jail and
cleans up his act and does well he can be apart [sic] of these girls’ lives.
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I don’t see [grandmother] having an issue with that. But I just don’t
think you disrupt these children’s lives because he’s decided he’s
grown up and thinks he can make a difference now.
Q: Is it in the best interest in long run for the children to be where they
are now with the maternal grandmother?
A: I believe absolutely it is.
Q: And why do you think that [Father’s] rights should be terminated?
A: I feel like he hasn’t had any rights. He has not acted on his rights
up to this point. [H]e keeps saying he wants his girls back, and there is
no back. [H]e never had his girls. He visits his girls, his Mom visits
his girls on occasion when he’s not on the run or incarcerated. And I
just don’t have faith that he can take the girls and make a good life for
them at this point.
Q: Is there anything else you want to tell the Court?
A: Please leave the children where they are, it’s by far in their best
interest. And I think if [Father] truly can clean himself up and wants
to be a part of their lives he can.
Id. at 38-39.
[12] Family Case Manager Katie Melton (“FCM Melton”) testified as to why she
believes Father’s parental rights should be terminated:
Because these girls need permanency. And just from reviewing the
records, when he was available to do services and try to gain custody
of his kids, he did not. Like he said, he was on the run. And I feel like
he could’ve stepped up and done services and done his time faster if he
hadn’t been on the run. And he didn’t stay drug and alcohol free like
we’d asked. These kids are doing great in the home that they’re in. I
think that they would have significant issues if we did move them into
another home.
Id. at 46. FCM Melton also testified that it was DCS’s plan for the maternal
grandparents to adopt the Children. When asked if she thought that adoption
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by their grandparents was in the Children’s best interest, FCM Melton
responded:
I do. These girls have lived with their grandparents most of their lives.
Their needs are met, they’re stable. They haven’t had to worry about,
you know, not having food, not having housing, not having daycare
and clothing. They’ve been provided for. But they’ve also been
provided for, you know, just that nurturing need that they have as
well. I think that they’ve been in the best place they could be.
Id. On cross-examination, when asked what she thought the harm would be “in
waiting until the Father gets out of jail to see how he does,” FCM Melton
testified that “I think the harm would be the kids feel like they don’t have a
home that they’re going to stay in. . . . They love their grandparents and they
wanna stay there. I mean, they express that all the time.” Id. at 47.
[13] On August 19, 2014, the court issued its order terminating Father’s parental
rights to the Children (the “Termination Order”) setting forth findings of fact
and conclusions thereon consistent with the foregoing.
[14] On August 27, 2014, Father filed a Motion for New Trial Based Upon Newly
Discovered Evidence requesting the trial court to reopen the termination
proceeding to consider the evidence that he had been granted the time cuts for
which he was eligible and that his release date was now scheduled in October
2014 rather than February 2015. On September 18, 2014, Father filed a motion
to correct errors on the same basis. The court denied both of Father’s motions
by noting that in its findings it did “acknowledge[] that the father might be
getting released early, but even with an early release the court believes its other
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findings support the termination of the father’s rights.” Appellant’s Appendix
at 49.
Discussion
I.
[15] The first issue is whether the trial court abused its discretion by denying
Father’s motion to continue the termination hearing. Indiana Trial Rule 53.5
provides:
Upon motion, trial may be postponed or continued in the discretion of
the court, and shall be allowed upon a showing of good cause
established by affidavit or other evidence. The court may award such
costs as will reimburse the other parties for their actual expenses
incurred from the delay. A motion to postpone the trial on account of
the absence of evidence can be made only upon affidavit, showing the
materiality of the evidence expected to be obtained, and that due
diligence has been used to obtain it . . . .
[16] At the outset, we acknowledge that the decision whether to grant or to deny a
motion to continue rests within the sound discretion of the trial court. Rowlett v.
Vanderburgh Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 841 N.E.2d 615, 619 (Ind. Ct. App.
2006), trans. denied. We will reverse the trial court only for an abuse of that
discretion. Id. An abuse of discretion may be found in the denial of a motion
for a continuance when the moving party has shown good cause for granting
the motion. Id. However, no abuse of discretion will be found when the
moving party has not demonstrated that he or she was prejudiced by the denial.
Id. Accordingly, Father must show that he has demonstrated good cause to
continue the trial and that the denial of his motion caused him prejudice.
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[17] Father analogizes his situation to that of the father in Rowlett, a case in which
this court reversed the trial court’s denial of a father’s motion to continue. In
Rowlett we stated that:
we conclude that Father showed good cause for granting his motion to
continue the dispositional hearing—an opportunity for him to
participate in services offered by the OFC directed at reunifying him
with his children upon his release from prison. We acknowledge that
Father requested a continuance because he would still have been
incarcerated on the date of the scheduled hearing and recognize that
such incarceration was by his own doing. Nevertheless, Father was set
to be released only six weeks after the scheduled dispositional hearing.
Further, Father has demonstrated prejudice by the denial of his motion
for continuance in that his ability to care for his children was assessed
as of the date of the hearing he sought to have continued. At that
time, Father was incarcerated and had not had the opportunity to
participate in services offered by the OFC or to demonstrate his fitness
as a parent. The result was that his parental rights were forever and
unalterably terminated. This result is particularly harsh where Father,
while incarcerated, participated in numerous services and programs,
although offered by the correctional facility and not the OFC, which
would be helpful to him in reaching his goal of reunification with his
children.
Id. at 619.
[18] Like the father in Rowlett, Father made a motion to continue based on the fact
that he would be released from incarceration shortly after the scheduled
termination hearing and his desire to participate in services geared toward
reunification with Children. Unlike in Rowlett, however, Father fails to
demonstrate that he has been prejudiced by the denial of his motion to
continue. The facts of Rowlett reveal that the father had expressed desire for
reunification starting on the very day his children were removed and that he
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was active in the CHINS case. Id. at 617-618. Further, he undertook 1,100
hours of appropriate programs, and he maintained his relationship with the
children by letters and phone calls from prison. Id. at 622. Critically, he had
been incarcerated for all but two months of the action and had not been given a
full opportunity “to participate in services offered by the OFC directed at
reunifying him with his children upon his release from prison.” Id. at 619. By
contrast, Father here had more than a year between the adjudication of the
Children as CHINS and his current incarceration in which to participate in
services with DCS, yet he failed to complete a substantial amount of those
services and initially did not want to participate at all. Additionally, Father
chose to go “on the run” during the time he could have been completing
services. Transcript at 18. For these reasons, we conclude that the court did
not abuse its discretion by denying Father’s motion to continue.
II.
[19] The next issue is whether the trial court abused its discretion by denying
Father’s motions for a new trial and to correct error. Initially, a party seeking to
have the court reopen the evidence must demonstrate that:
(1) the evidence has been discovered since the trial; (2) it is material
and relevant; (3) it is not cumulative; (4) it is not merely impeaching;
(5) it is not privileged or incompetent; (6) due diligence was used to
discover it in time for trial; (7) the evidence is worthy of credit; (8) it
can be produced upon a retrial of the case; and (9) it will probably
produce a different result at retrial.
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Speedway SuperAmerica, LLC v. Holmes, 885 N.E.2d 1265, 1271 (Ind. 2008)
(quoting Carter v. State, 738 N.E.2d 665, 671 (Ind. 2000)), reh’g denied.
[20] Our standard of review of a trial court’s ruling on a motion to correct error is
well settled:
A trial court has broad discretion in ruling on a motion to correct
error. We will reverse only for an abuse of that discretion. An abuse
of discretion occurs if the decision was against the logic and effect of
the facts and circumstances before the court or if the court misapplied
the law.
Brown v. Brown, 979 N.E.2d 684, 685 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012) (internal citations
omitted).
[21] Father is not entitled to relief because the evidence of his early release was not
newly discovered. At the termination hearing, the court heard Father’s
testimony concerning the possibility that he could be released as early as
October 23, 2014. The court took the possibility of Father’s early release into
account in its findings by noting that “[c]urrently, [Father] is serving prison
time for a felony conviction of dealing in marijuana after violating his
probation. His release date is February 19, 2015, pending any further time credits.”
Appellant’s Appendix at 44 (emphasis added). When the trial court denied
Father’s motions to reopen the evidence and to correct error, it cited to this
finding and stated it had “acknowledged that the Father might be getting
released early,” which demonstrates that it did consider this evidence. Id. at 49.
Furthermore, the evidence of his earlier release date would not have likely
produced a different result at retrial, as the court in its order denying the motion
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stated that “even with an early release the court believes its other findings
support the termination of the Father’s rights.” Id. at 49. Consequently, we
conclude the court did not abuse its discretion in denying the Father’s motions
for a new trial and to correct error.
III.
[22] The next issue is whether the evidence is sufficient to support the termination of
Father’s parental rights. The involuntary termination of parental rights is the
most extreme measure that a juvenile court can impose and is designated only
as a last resort when all other reasonable efforts have failed. In re S.P.H., 806
N.E.2d 874, 880 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004). This policy is in recognition of the
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which provides
parents with the right to establish a home and raise children. Id. However,
these protected parental rights are not absolute and must be subordinated to the
children’s interest to maintain the parent-child relationship. Id.; see also Egly v.
Blackford Cnty. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 592 N.E.2d 1232, 1234 (Ind. 1992) (noting
that the “purpose of terminating parental rights is not to punish parents, but to
protect the children”) (citing Lassiter v. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 452 U.S. 18, 101 S.
Ct. 2153 (1981), reh’g denied). Although parental rights are of a constitutional
dimension, the law provides for the termination of these rights when parents are
unable or unwilling to meet their parental responsibilities. In re R.H., 892
N.E.2d 144, 149 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008). Moreover, a trial court need not wait
until a child is irreversibly harmed before terminating the parent-child
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relationship. McBride v. Monroe Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 798 N.E.2d
185, 203 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003).
[23] In order to terminate a parent-child relationship, DCS is required to allege and
prove, among other things:
(B) that one (1) of the following is true:
(i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that
resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for placement
outside the home of the parents will not be remedied.
(ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation of the
parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-being of the
child.
(iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
adjudicated a child in need of services;
(C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; . . .
Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2). If the court finds that the allegations in a petition
described in Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4 are true, the court shall terminate the parent-
child relationship. See Ind. Code § 31-35-2-8(a).
[24] In accordance with Ind. Code § 31-35-2-8(c), the trial court’s judgment contains
specific findings of fact and conclusions thereon. We therefore apply a two-
tiered standard of review. First, we determine whether the evidence supports
the findings, and second, we determine whether the findings support the
judgment. Bester v. Lake Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 839 N.E.2d 143, 147
(Ind. 2005). In deference to the trial court’s unique position to assess the
evidence, we will set aside the court’s judgment terminating a parent-child
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relationship only if it is clearly erroneous. In re L.S., 717 N.E.2d 204, 208 (Ind.
Ct. App. 1999), reh’g denied, trans. denied, cert. denied, 534 U.S. 1161, 122 S. Ct.
1197 (2002); see also Bester, 839 N.E.2d at 147; In re A.N.J., 690 N.E.2d 716, 722
(Ind. Ct. App. 1997) (noting that this court will reverse a termination of
parental rights “only upon a showing of ‘clear error’—that which leaves us with
a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made”) (quoting Egly,
592 N.E.2d at 1235). Thus, if the evidence and inferences support the trial
court’s decision, we must affirm. In re L.S., 717 N.E.2d at 208.
[25] The State’s burden of proof for establishing the allegations in termination cases
“is one of ‘clear and convincing evidence.’” In re G.Y., 904 N.E.2d 1257, 1260-
1261 (Ind. 2009) (quoting Ind. Code § 31-37-14-2), reh’g denied. This is “a
‘heightened burden of proof’ reflecting termination’s ‘serious social
consequences.’” In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d 636, 642 (Ind. 2014) (quoting In re G.Y.,
904 N.E.2d at 1260-1261 n.1). “But weighing the evidence under that
heightened standard is the trial court’s prerogative—in contrast to our well-
settled, highly deferential standard of review.” Id. “Reviewing whether the
evidence ‘clearly and convincingly’ supports the findings, or the findings
‘clearly and convincingly’ support the judgment, is not a license to reweigh the
evidence.” Id. “[W]e do not independently determine whether that heightened
standard is met, as we would under the ‘constitutional harmless error standard,’
which requires the reviewing court itself to ‘be sufficiently confident to declare
the error harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.’” Id. (quoting Harden v. State,
576 N.E.2d 590, 593 (Ind. 1991) (citing Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 87
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S. Ct. 824 (1967), reh’g denied). “Our review must ‘give “due regard” to the trial
court’s opportunity to judge the credibility of the witnesses firsthand,’ and ‘not
set aside [its] findings or judgment unless clearly erroneous.’” Id. (quoting
K.T.K. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child Servs., Dearborn Cnty. Office, 989 N.E.2d 1225, 1229
(Ind. 2013) (citing Ind. Trial Rule 52(A)).
[26] Father challenges the Termination Order based upon the requirements of Ind.
Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B)-(C).
A. Remedy of Conditions
[27] We note that the involuntary termination statute is written in the disjunctive
and requires proof of only one of the circumstances listed in Ind. Code § 31-35-
2-4(b)(2)(B). Because we find it to be dispositive under the facts of this case, we
limit our review to whether DCS established that there was a reasonable
probability that the conditions resulting in the removal or reasons for placement
of the Children outside Father’s custody will not be remedied. See Ind. Code §
31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B)(i).
[28] In determining whether there exists a reasonable probability that the conditions
resulting in a child’s removal or continued placement outside a parent’s care
will not be remedied, a trial court must judge a parent’s fitness to care for his or
her child at the time of the termination hearing, taking into consideration
evidence of changed conditions. In re N.Q., 996 N.E.2d 385, 392 (Ind. Ct. App.
2013). Due to the permanent effect of termination, the trial court must also
evaluate the parent’s habitual patterns of conduct to determine the probability
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of future neglect or deprivation of the child. Id. The statute does not simply
focus on the initial basis for a child’s removal for purposes of determining
whether a parent’s rights should be terminated, “but also those bases resulting
in the continued placement outside the home.” In re A.I., 825 N.E.2d 798, 806
(Ind. Ct. App. 2005), trans. denied. A court may properly consider evidence of a
parent’s prior criminal history, drug and alcohol abuse, history of neglect,
failure to provide support, and lack of adequate housing and employment.
McBride, 798 N.E.2d at 199. Moreover, a trial court “can reasonably consider
the services offered by the [DCS] to the parent and the parent’s response to
those services.” Id. In addition, “[w]here there are only temporary
improvements and the pattern of conduct shows no overall progress, the court
might reasonably find that under the circumstances, the problematic situation
will not improve.” In re A.H., 832 N.E.2d 563, 570 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005). The
burden for the DCS is to establish “only that there is a reasonable probability
that the parent’s behavior will not change.” In re Kay L., 867 N.E.2d 236, 242
(Ind. Ct. App. 2007).
[29] In determining that there is a reasonable probability Father’s behavior will not
change and the conditions resulting in Children’s removal and continued
placement outside Father’s care will not be remedied, the court made the
following pertinent and unchallenged findings, which we take as true:
11. During the course of the wardship, [Father] has been incarcerated
on the following dates: October 27, 2011 through November 2, 2011;
April 25, 2012 through April 30, 2012; November 15, 2012 through
December 5, 2012; and July 16, 2013 through October 20, 2013 before
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the incarceration time concerning his present conviction. At the time
of the trial on June 10, 2014, [Father] had been incarcerated for three
(3) months at Wabash Valley Correctional Facility.
12. [Father] has multiple convictions besides his current felony for
dealing marijuana including three (3) convictions for conversion, one
(1) conviction for criminal mischief, three (3) convictions for
possession of marijuana and/or hash oil, one (1) conviction for false
informing, one (1) conviction for aggressive driving, and two (2)
convictions for possession of paraphernalia.
13. Currently, [Father] is serving prison time for a felony conviction of
dealing in marijuana after violating his probation. His release date is
February 19, 2015, pending any further time credits.
14. [Father] did not follow the rules in the Warrick County Criminal
Drug Court leading to his current incarceration. After seven (7)
months in the Warrick County Criminal Drug Court, he failed to
return to the program for five (5) months.
15. During the five (5) months that [Father] failed to return to the
Warrick County Criminal Drug Court, he also did not participate in
any services concerning the Child in Need of Services cases.
16. The last time that [Father] saw his children was on July 2013
before he was incarcerated on his current felony.
17. For his services in the Child in Need of Services cases, [Father]
was ordered to complete his probation and drug court obligation in
Warrick County; he failed to complete.
18. [Father] was ordered to do drug screens in the Child in Need of
Services cases, which he admits he failed to do.
19. [Father] admitted that he had not done anything to get the children
in his care or completed any required services.
20. [Father] has not paid any child support.
21. [Father] has not maintained stable employment or housing.
22. [Father] was inpatient at Stepping Stone for twenty-one (21) days
as part of Warrick County Drug Court obligation from November 15,
2012 through December 5, 2012. He failed to benefit from this
treatment.
23. [Father] has never had the care and custody of [Children].
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24. CASA believes it is in the best interest for the children to be
adopted.
25. CASA believes it is in the best interest of the children for the
father’s rights to be terminated as current placement as [sic] always
been in the children’s lives.
26. Father was knowing [sic] on the run from authorities and chose to
absent himself from services and his children during this time period.
Appellant’s Appendix at 44-45.
[30] The sole finding Father appears to challenge is Finding 27, which states:
“While the [F]ather might have good intentions that he is going to straighten
his life out, little in his past indicates that he will be successful.” Id. at 45. In
support of his contention that he may be successful in “straighten[ing] his life
out,” Father points to his own testimony that he participated in services with
DCS up until the point that he went “on the run,” that upon his release he
planned to get his “life situated and come get his kids,” and that he had three
job opportunities awaiting him upon release. Transcript at 15, 22.
Additionally, Father testified that he had participated in substance abuse
programs and Celebrate Recovery, Life Recovery, and Cognitive Thinking
while incarcerated and that he had “grown up a lot over the last year . . . .” Id.
at 30. To the extent Father challenges this finding, he does so by asking us to
reweigh the evidence, which we will not do. In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d at 642. We
conclude that the court’s findings are clearly and convincingly supported by
evidence presented by DCS.
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[31] Next, we examine whether the court’s judgment is clearly erroneous. In the
Termination Order, the court concluded that there was a reasonable probability
that the conditions which resulted in the removal of the Children from Father’s
care will not be remedied, noting specifically that “[F]ather has never had
custody of the children, he is currently incarcerated and based upon his prior
criminal record, work record and instability it would be highly unlikely that he
can ever care for the children.” Appellant’s Appendix at 46.
[32] As noted, Father challenged only one of the court’s Findings of Fact, which
leaves the remainder to be taken as true. Despite his arguments that his efforts
to better his life warrant reversal, the unchallenged findings provide ample
support for the court’s conclusion to terminate his parental rights. Father has
been convicted of four felonies and multiple misdemeanors, several of which
occurred after the birth of Children and some after Children were removed from
Mother’s custody in May 2012. In 2013, Father was either incarcerated or on
the run for ten and a half months, and, at the time of the trial, he was
incarcerated on convictions for two felonies that occurred in the last two years.
In addition, despite being afforded the opportunity through Drug Court to help
address his substance abuse problems, Father missed treatment appointments,
tested positive for drugs, and subsequently had his involvement with the Drug
Court revoked. Furthermore, when questioned at the termination hearing
about what he had done to have the Children placed in his care, Father
responded, “[n]othing really.” Transcript at 17. Based upon the unchallenged
findings, the court’s conclusion that there was a reasonable probability that the
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conditions leading to the Children’s removal would not be remedied is
supported by ample evidence and is not clearly erroneous.
B. Best Interests
[33] We next consider Father’s assertion that DCS failed to demonstrate that
termination of his parental rights was in the Children’s best interests. We are
mindful that in determining what is in the best interests of a child, the trial court
is required to look beyond the factors identified by the DCS and to the totality
of the evidence. McBride, 798 N.E.2d at 203. In so doing, the court must
subordinate the interests of the parent to those of the child. Id. The court need
not wait until a child is irreversibly harmed before terminating the parent-child
relationship. Id. Children have a paramount need for permanency, which the
Indiana Supreme Court has called a central consideration in determining the
child’s best interests. In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d at 647-648. However, “focusing on
permanency, standing alone, would impermissibly invert the best-interests
inquiry . . . .” Id. at 648. This court has previously held that the
recommendation by both the case manager and child advocate to terminate
parental rights, in addition to evidence that the conditions resulting in removal
will not be remedied, is sufficient to show by clear and convincing evidence that
termination is in the child’s best interests. A.D.S. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child Servs., 987
N.E.2d 1150, 1158-1159 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013), trans. denied. This court has also
previously recognized that “[i]ndividuals who pursue criminal activity run the
risk of being denied the opportunity to develop positive and meaningful
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relationships with their children.” Castro v. State Office of Family & Children, 842
N.E.2d 367, 374 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. denied.
[34] At the termination hearing, FCM Melton testified that she believes Father’s
parental rights should be terminated “[b]ecause these girls need permanency. . .
. These kids are doing great in the home that they’re in. I think that they
would have significant issues if we did move them into another home.”
Transcript at 46. When asked why she thought that Father’s rights should be
terminated, CASA Collins stated “I feel like he hasn’t had any rights. . . . I just
don’t have faith that he can take the girls and make a good life for them at this
point.” Id. at 39. CASA Collins also testified, “[p]lease leave the children
where they are, it’s by far in their best interest.” Id.
[35] Based on the totality of the evidence as discussed and set forth in the trial
court’s order, including the recommendation of FCM Melton and CASA
Collins, and in light of our deferential standard of review, we conclude that the
court’s determination that termination is in the Children’s best interests is
supported by clear and convincing evidence and is not clearly erroneous. See In
re J.C., 994 N.E.2d 278, 290 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013) (observing that
“[r]ecommendations of the case manager . . . in addition to evidence the
conditions resulting in removal will not be remedied, are sufficient to show by
clear and convincing evidence that termination is in the child’s best interests”),
reh’g denied; In re A.I., 825 N.E.2d at 811 (testimony of court appointed advocate
and family case manager, coupled with evidence that conditions resulting in
continued placement outside the home will not be remedied, is sufficient to
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prove by clear and convincing evidence termination is in child’s best interests),
trans. denied; see also In re E.M. 4 N.E.3d at 649 (holding that incarceration alone
cannot justify “tolling” a child welfare case and concluding that, because the
trial court could reasonably have reached either conclusion, our deferential
standard of review is dispositive and it was not clearly erroneous for the trial
court to conclude that, after three and a half years, Father’s efforts simply came
too late, and that the children needed permanency even more than they needed
a final effort at family preservation.)
Conclusion
[36] We conclude that the trial court’s judgment terminating the parental rights of
Father is supported by clear and convincing evidence. We find no error and
affirm.
[37] Affirmed.
Crone, J., and Pyle, J., concur.
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