Com. v. Bell, M.

J-A09001-20
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
MARTHA FENCHAK BELL :
:
Appellant : No. 975 WDA 2018
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered February 4, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-02-CR-0005044-2004
BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., MURRAY, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.: FILED JULY 31, 2020
Appellant, Martha Fenchak Bell, appeals from the modified judgment of
sentence entered on February 4, 2019, following the revocation of her
probation at Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas docket number CP-02-
CR-0005044-2004 (“CC200405044”). After review, we affirm.
In its opinion, the revocation court set forth the relevant facts and
procedural history of this matter as follows:
On or about October 23, 2003, Appellant … was charged at
CC200405044 with two (2) counts of theft by unlawful taking -
movable property (18 Pa.C.S. § 3921(a)), two (2) counts of theft
by deception (18 Pa.C.S. § 3922), and two (2) counts of theft by
failing to make required disposition of funds (18 Pa.C.S.
§ 3927(a)). On September 29, 2008, [Appellant] proceeded to a
non-jury trial, at the conclusion of which she was found guilty on
all counts.
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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Prior to commencement of her non-jury trial for the above
offenses, a jury had found [Appellant] guilty of involuntary
manslaughter, neglect of a care dependent person, recklessly
endangering another person, and criminal conspiracy at
CC200405045. As a result of those convictions, this [c]ourt
imposed a term of imprisonment of twenty-two (22) to forty-four
(44) months, which was to run consecutive to any other sentence
[Appellant] was then serving. At the time at which [Appellant’s]
sentence was imposed at CC200405045, [Appellant] was
incarcerated in relation to her 2005 federal convictions on fraud
and false statements charges.
On September 29, 2008, [Appellant] proceeded to a non-
jury trial at CC200405044 and was … found guilty on all counts.
On October 3, 2008, [Appellant] was sentenced to a term of six
(6) to twelve (12) months’ incarceration followed by seven (7)
years’ probation in relation to her theft by unlawful taking
conviction, to run consecutive to the seven (7) years of probation
imposed as a result of her theft by deception conviction. In
addition, [Appellant] was sentenced to seven (7) years of
probation in relation to her theft by failing to make required
disposition of funds conviction, which sentence was also to run
consecutive to the sentence imposed as a result of her theft by
deception conviction. [Appellant’s] sentence at CC200405044 was
to run consecutive to the sentence imposed at CC200405045, and
both sentences were to run concurrent[1] to [Appellant’s] federal
sentence.
On October 30, 2008, [Appellant] filed notice of appeal to
the Superior Court in relation to her convictions at CC200405044
and was thereafter directed to file her concise statement of
matters complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).
[Appellant] failed to file her 1925(b) statement, and her appeal
was dismissed by the Superior Court on June 9, 2009. [Appellant]
thereafter filed a petition for allowance of appeal to the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court, which the Supreme Court denied,
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1 We point out that in its opinion, the revocation court states that the
sentences were concurrent to Appellant’s federal sentence. However, the
notes of testimony from October 3, 2008, appear to reflect that the court
directed that the sentences were to run consecutively to the federal sentence.
N.T., 10/03/08, at 142.
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citing the Superior Court’s dismissal of [Appellant’s] appeal for
failure to file a 1925(b) statement.
On November 15, 2016, [Appellant] was charged with one
(1) count of theft by deception (18 Pa.C.S. § 3922(a)(1)), one (1)
count of receiving stolen property (18 Pa.C.S. § 3925(a)), and one
(1) count of deceptive business practices (18 Pa.C.S. §§ 4106-
4107)) at CC201615179. On December 14, 2017, [Appellant]
entered into a negotiated plea before this [c]ourt and was
sentenced to six (6) to twelve (12) months’ incarceration pursuant
to the terms of that plea agreement. [Appellant] was immediately
paroled; however, this [c]ourt imposed a period of nine (9) years’
probation and ordered [Appellant] to pay restitution in the amount
of $322,300.00 to the estate of her victim.
On February 12, 2018, [Appellant] appeared before this
[c]ourt for a parole violation hearing based upon her convictions
at CC201615179. At the conclusion of that hearing, this [c]ourt
found [Appellant] to be in violation of the previous terms of her
probation at CC200405044 and resentenced her to a term of five
(5) to ten (10) years of incarceration in relation to her theft by
deception conviction, and a term of five (5) to ten (10) years’
imprisonment for her theft by failure to make required disposition
of funds conviction. Those sentences were to run consecutive to
her theft by deception sentence. [Appellant] was awarded time
credit for 448 days of incarceration.
On February 22, 2018, [Appellant] filed a motion to modify
and reduce her sentence, in which she challenged the sentence of
five (5) to ten (10) years’ incarceration arising from her probation
violation. Upon consideration of [Appellant’s] post-sentence
motion to modify and reduce her sentence, this [c]ourt vacated
[Appellant’s] sentence and ordered a presentence investigation.
Following a June 8, 2018, hearing on [Appellant’s] post-sentence
motions, this [c]ourt resentenced [Appellant] to three and one half
(3½) to seven (7) years of incarceration for her failure to make
required disposition of funds conviction.
On July 3, 2018, [Appellant] filed a post-sentence motion
for time credit. In her post-sentence motion, [Appellant] asserted
claims similar to those raised in the instant appeal. Specifically,
[Appellant] argued that this [c]ourt lacked jurisdiction or authority
to revoke her probation at CC200405044. [Appellant] also
asserted that this [c]ourt erred in failing to award her proper time
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credit for certain periods of incarceration. However, before this
[c]ourt could take action on [Appellant’s] post-sentence motion
for time credit, [Appellant] filed notice of appeal to the Superior
Court on July 6, 2018. ...
Revocation Court Opinion, 7/15/19, at unnumbered 1-4. Both the revocation
court and Appellant complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
We note that when a timely post-sentence motion is filed, the judgment
of sentence is not final for purposes of appeal until the trial court disposes of
the motion or the motion is denied by operation of law. Commonwealth v.
Borrero, 692 A.2d 158, 159 (Pa. Super. 1997). When an appellant files a
notice of appeal before the court has ruled on a timely post-sentence motion,
the judgment of sentence is not final, and the appeal is interlocutory.
Borrero, 692 A.2d at 160. The proper remedy is for this Court to quash the
appeal, relinquish jurisdiction, and remand for the trial court to consider the
post-sentence motion nunc pro tunc. Id. at 161. Herein, Appellant was
sentenced on June 8, 2018, and she did not file her post-sentence motion to
modify sentence within ten days pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 708(E).
Accordingly, Appellant’s post-sentence motion was untimely, and the holding
from Borrero is not implicated.
However, the revocation court held a hearing on the untimely post-
sentence motion after the appeal was filed and entered an order modifying
Appellant’s sentence to include credit for time served. Modified Order of
Sentence, 2/4/19. Despite the untimely nature of Appellant’s motion, the
revocation court had the authority to correct a patent mistake in its sentence
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even after more than thirty days from the initial June 6, 2018 judgment of
sentence. Commonwealth v. Klein, 781 A.2d 1133, 1135 (Pa. 2001); see
also Pa.R.Crim.P. 708, cmt. (sentencing court may sua sponte correct a
patent or obvious mistake). This modification of sentence made the February
4, 2019 order the appealable order. Because the February 4, 2019 order was
a final order, we conclude that the appeal is properly before this Court and
deem the appeal “as having been filed after entry of the [appealable] order.”
Commonwealth v. Ratushny, 17 A.3d 1269, 1271 n.4 (Pa. Super. 2011).
We have corrected the appeal paragraph accordingly.
On appeal, Appellant raises the following issue for this Court’s
consideration:
I. Did the lower court lack jurisdiction over [Appellant] when
it violated her probation based upon new charges that were
filed on November 15, 2016 because her probation should
have expired in February 2016?
Appellant’s Brief at 4 (full capitalization omitted).
Our standard of review is as follows:
The imposition of sentence following the revocation of probation
is vested within the sound discretion of the trial court, which,
absent an abuse of that discretion, will not be disturbed on appeal.
An abuse of discretion is more than an error in judgment—a
sentencing court has not abused its discretion unless the record
discloses that the judgment exercised was manifestly
unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-will.
Commonwealth v. Simmons, 56 A.3d 1280, 1283-84 (Pa.
Super. 2012).
Commonwealth v. Colon, 102 A.3d 1033, 1043 (Pa. Super. 2014). When
evaluating the outcome of a revocation proceeding, this Court is limited to
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reviewing the validity of the proceeding, the legality of the judgment of
sentence imposed, and the discretionary aspects of sentencing.
Commonwealth v. Cartrette, 83 A.3d 1030, 1033-1035 (Pa. Super. 2013).
“[T]he revocation of a probation sentence is a matter committed to the sound
discretion of the trial court and that court’s decision will not be disturbed on
appeal in the absence of an error of law or an abuse of discretion.”
Commonwealth v. MacGregor, 912 A.2d 315, 317 (Pa. Super. 2006).
Additionally, when sentencing a defendant following a revocation of probation,
the trial court is limited only by the maximum sentence that it could have
imposed originally at the time of the probationary sentence. Commonwealth
v. Fish, 752 A.2d 921, 923 (Pa. Super. 2000); 42 Pa.C.S. § 9771(b). Once
probation has been revoked, a sentence of total confinement may be imposed
if any of the following conditions exist: “(1) the defendant has been convicted
of another crime; or (2) the conduct of the defendant indicates that it is likely
that he will commit another crime if he is not imprisoned; or, (3) such a
sentence is essential to vindicate the authority of the court.” 42 Pa.C.S. §
9771(c)(1-3); Fish, 752 A.2d at 923.
Appellant argues that the revocation court lacked jurisdiction to revoke
her probation at CC200405044. Appellant’s Brief at 9. Specifically, Appellant
avers that her original sentences, which were imposed on October 3, 2008,
were illegal because the crimes for which she was convicted should have
merged for sentencing purposes. Id. at 10-11. Appellant thus concludes that
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if those sentences had merged, her original sentence would have expired prior
to the instant probation violation. Id.
Appellant’s claim that the original sentences should have merged is a
challenge to the legality of her original sentence. See Commonwealth v.
McCamey, 154 A.3d 352, 357 (Pa. Super. 2017) (stating that issues
concerning merger implicate the legality of the sentence). Challenges to the
legality of a sentence cannot be waived if the reviewing court has jurisdiction
to address the issue. Commonwealth v. Adams-Smith, 209 A.3d 1011,
1021 (Pa. Super. 2019). However, this Court has long held that an appellant
is not permitted to challenge the original conviction and sentence in an appeal
from a sentence imposed following the revocation of probation.
Commonwealth v. Beasley, 570 A.2d 1336, 1338 (Pa. Super. 1990).
Rather, such a collateral challenge must be raised in a timely petition filed
pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-
9546.2 Id.
Herein, Appellant never challenged the legality of her original sentences
in a PCRA petition. Accordingly, the revocation court was not permitted to
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2 Although the legality of a sentence is subject to review within the context of
the PCRA, the petitioner’s claim must satisfy the PCRA’s time restrictions.
Commonwealth v. Fahy, 737 A.2d 214 (Pa. 1999); see also
Commonwealth v. Jackson, 30 A.3d 516, 521 (Pa. Super. 2011) (stating
that in the absence of a timely filed PCRA petition, “even if there was an
obvious illegality in [the] sentence, the PCRA court would not have had
jurisdiction to consider [the] claim.”).
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address Appellant’s collateral attack on the legality of the original sentences
outside of the context of the PCRA. Beasley, 570 A.2d at 1338. Therefore,
because Appellant’s challenge to the legality of the original sentences was not
properly raised, the original sentences remained effective at the time of the
probation violation and hearing. Thus, the alleged sentencing issues were not
an impediment to the revocation court’s jurisdiction to revoke probation and
resentence Appellant at CC200405044. For these reasons, we conclude that
no relief is due and affirm the judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 7/31/2020
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