DocketNumber: C.A. No. 83-1201
Judges: <underline>GIBNEY, J.</underline>
Filed Date: 6/12/1991
Status: Non-Precedential
Modified Date: 4/18/2021
During and after the construction period, Zannini experienced water damage to his home and property. Three examples of the damage are: soil erosion, water seepage into Zannini's basement, and cracks in Zannini's basement walls. After repeated attempts on his part to resolve these problems with Downing, Zannini sued the Defendant.2
After a trial, this Court ordered that judgment in the amount of $3,534.75 be awarded to Zannini. More importantly, this Court ordered Downing to install an artificial drainage system sufficient to afford relief to Zannini from the nuisance created by Downing. The Court reached this decision based on the evidence showing that Downing's actions resulted in interference with Zannini's use and enjoyment of his land. Zannini's expert, Thomas Bowden, an engineer with 20 years experience in apartment, commercial, and highway drainage, filed a report that revealed that Downing's original contour plans for Arbor Drive and the Arboretum indicated a slope from Arbor Drive that would direct runoff toward the south as did the original condition. The construction of Arbor Drive would intercept part of the original drainage area directed toward Zannini's property.3
Bowden's analysis of drainage quantities showed that prior to the development the average runoff directed to Zannini's property was only 35 percent of what it had been prior to the Arboretum project. Bowden concluded that this foreseeable problem did not exist prior to the development and that the excess flow could have been prevented. To prevent the consequent flooding, erosion, holes, and seepage into Zannini's basement and patio, Bowden determined that an artificial drainage system was needed.
Further, this Court stated that the testimony of Downing's expert engineers did not refute Bowden's report. This Court stated that both Bowden's report and Zannini's testimony that prior to the project his yard and home were never invaded by water, established to the Court's satisfaction that the Arboretum construction caused the excess water on Zannini's property and the subsequent damage thereto.
However, Zannini states that Garafalo's plans were not followed. Rather, Downing made arrangements with a contractor involved with the condominium association on a non-related matter to install a single grate at a different location and tied in a six (6) inch corrugated plastic line to the sewer pipe on Wyndham Avenue. Zannini maintains that this grate has failed to stem the flow of water from the Arboretum property to his property. Zannini argues that the Garafalo plan is based on ASTM requirements, and "the Downing `installation' is roughly one-half that and ill-positioned." Zannini states that if further proof is needed as to Downing's lack of compliance with the August 3, 1988, court Order, then the burden should be placed on Downing to demonstrate that "it has made a reasonable effort to comply with the order, i.e. the Garafalo ASTM specifications."
As indicated, the issue of reasonableness or unreasonableness becomes a question of fact to be determined in each case upon a consideration of relevant circumstances. Butler found the factors used in Enderson v. Kelehan,
Butler referred to the widely cited case of Armstrong v.Francis Corp.,
Based on the facts that have transpired since the entry of the earlier order, this Court believes that Zannini is still injured, and that further relief is necessary. Although Downing has undertaken corrective measures to alleviate the flow of the surface waters onto Zannini's property, these corrective measures have proven to be insufficient to afford relief to Zannini from the nuisance created by Downing. Downing's construction did create a "reasonable necessity" for drainage from their land. Downing was legally privileged to make reasonable use of its land even though the flow of the surface waters was altered and caused harm to Zannini's land. Butler, supra and Armstrong,supra. However, when this Court applies the remaining factors from Butler to determine reasonableness, Downing's actions were not reasonable.
Downing has attempted to alleviate this problem, but more needs to be done to rectify the situation. Zannini's land continues to receive excess surface water and the grate installed by Downing is not performing effectively.
The benefit accruing to Downing's land which is being drained does not reasonably outweigh the resulting harm to Zannini's property. Id. at 273, 341 A.2d at 740; Armstrong, 20 N.J. at 330, 120 A.2d at 10. Zannini's backyard has continually received excess surface waters and silt. Further, Zannini's home has cracks in the basement walls and water is still seeping into the basement.
As was demonstrated by Downing's actions, the normal and natural system of drainage was unable to be improved, and the Court ordered the current artificial drainage system to be installed. However, this artificial drainage system has not alleviated the problem. Applying Armstrong, supra, to case at bar, the construction of the Arboretum was for the social good, but Downing has not offered sufficient reason why the economic costs incident to the expulsion of the surface waters should be borne by Zannini rather than Downing, who undertook this project for profit.
It is fundamental that equity has jurisdiction only when there is no adequate remedy at law, but the abatement of a nuisance is a subject matter over which equity always has jurisdiction.4 Where the injury is real and continuing, equity considers the remedy of damages at law to be inadequate and will take jurisdiction to abate the nuisance. Wilmont Homes,Inc. v. Weiler,
In Wilmont, surface water periodically collected in the plaintiffs' yards and seeped into their basements as a result of the defendant developer's negligent grading of the land adjacent to their lots. The defendant attempted to remedy the situation by re-grading the land, but this did not work. Then, the defendant proposed to install an open grass drainage scale to pass off the surface water to a lower level. The plaintiffs rejected this proposal since it would deprive them of the use of approximately half of their back yards and traverse their properties with an open drainage ditch. Wilmont, 202 A.2d at 578. During continuing negotiations, the plaintiffs suggested the installation, in accordance with their engineering plans, of a different drainage plan for the elimination of the surface water. This was rejected by the Defendant as being too expensive.Wilmont, at 578-579. Thus, an impasse resulted leading to an action for abatement of the nuisance. After the lawsuit passed through the Delaware legal system, a Vice Chancellor issued an order directing the Defendant to abate the nuisance in accordance with an engineering plan submitted by the Plaintiffs. Wilmont, 202 A.2d at 579.
The Delaware Supreme Court affirmed the trial court's adapting the relief granted to the requirements of the case.Wilmont, at 580. The trial judge held a full hearing and permitted all parties to produce evidence upon the means of insuring the preservation of the plaintiffs' right. The Defendant as well as the Plaintiffs were given an opportunity to suggest the means. Subsequently, the judge determined that of all the proposals suggested, the plan finally adopted was the only one which would accomplish the necessary result. As the Delaware Court wrote: "Under the circumstances, we think the [judge] in his order adapted the relief to the circumstances. Indeed, it is difficult to imagine what other form the relief could have taken." Wilmont, at 580.
The flow of excess water which Zannini complained of to Downing in 1979 continues today even after the installation of the drainage system by Downing. The existence for ten years of a recurrent, albeit cyclical and seasonal nuisance, convinces the Court that the injury is real and continuing with no remedy at law. Here also, the destructive invasion to Zannini's interest in his land warrants equitable intervention. This Court orders the defendant to install an artificial drainage system on Zannini's land sufficient to afford relief from the nuisance, and the defendant shall pay the necessary and reasonable costs associated therewith.
The Court does not find Downing's conduct contemptuous. Defendant has made attempts to rectify the situation and there is nothing in the record to indicate efforts made in anything other than good faith.