Nathaniel Maden v. State

In The
Court of Appeals
Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo
________________________
No. 07-11-0110-CR
________________________
NATHANIEL MADEN, APPELLANT
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE
On Appeal from the 137th District Court
Lubbock County, Texas
Trial Court No. 2010-428,469, Honorable John J. “Trey” McClendon, Presiding
March 13, 2013
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Quinn, C.J., and Campbell and Pirtle, JJ.
Appellant Nathaniel Maden appeals from his conviction by jury of the offense of
aggravated assault with a deadly weapon and the resulting sentence of 99 years of
imprisonment. Appellant challenges the court’s judgment through three issues. We will
affirm.
Background
Appellant was indicted for intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causing serious
bodily injury to Richard Essix by shooting him with a firearm, a deadly weapon. 1 The
indictment included an enhancement provision stating appellant’s prior felony conviction
for possession of a controlled substance. On appellant’s not-guilty plea, the case was
tried to a jury.
Evidence showed Lubbock police officers responded to a Lubbock bar in the
early hours of July 11, 2010, to investigate a shooting. Officer Garcia found Essix on
the ground. He suffered three gunshot wounds, two to his chest and one under his left
arm. Speaking of appellant, Essix told Officer Garcia, “Snake shot me.”
Essix testified to his feud with appellant stemming from the death of Essix’s
father. Appellant was charged with his murder, but acquitted. Essix testified he had
accosted appellant at the bar a few months before the shooting because Essix “wanted
to know the truth” about appellant’s involvement in his father’s death, but appellant
“wouldn’t give an answer.” Other witnesses testified to similar confrontations between
Essix and appellant. Essix testified that after he was shot, he ran across the road but
fell. Appellant approached and shot him twice more.
Appellant also took the witness stand. He testified Essix had previously
threatened to kill him and had done so again the night of the shooting. Appellant did not
1
See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 22.02(a)(2) (West 2012). This is a second degree
felony. Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 12.33 (West 2012). Because appellant had a prior
felony conviction, the range of punishment was enhanced to that of a first degree felony.
Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 12.32; 12.42 (West 2012).
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deny shooting Essix but said he shot him because he was afraid for his life. He told the
jury that he and Essix were outside the bar. They exchanged words and Essix
“flinched.” In response, appellant drew his gun and shot Essix. Appellant admitted he
shot Essix a second time after Essix fell but said he did so because Essix flinched again
as if he were reaching for a gun. Appellant testified he recalled shooting only twice. He
testified to being “high” and to drinking that night. Appellant acknowledged he intended
to shoot Essix each time he shot him.
The jury found appellant guilty of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.
Appellant plead true to the enhancement paragraph and, after hearing punishment
evidence, the jury assessed the noted punishment. This appeal followed.
Analysis
Admission of Telephone Conversation
In appellant’s first issue, he contends the trial court erred by admitting into
evidence his telephone conversation with his wife, recorded while he was detained in
the Lubbock police department holding facility. During their recorded conversation,
appellant told his wife he shot Essix four times and asked if Essix was “dead yet.”
Appellant argues on appeal that the recording of his telephone conversation
violated a provision of the Texas wiretapping statute.2 The State briefs a different issue,
2
Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 16.02(b)(1) (West 2011) (providing person commits
offense if he “intentionally intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures another
person to intercept or endeavor to intercept a wire, oral, or electronic communication”).
The statute incorporates definitions from Article 18.20 of the Texas Code of Criminal
Procedure. Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 16.02(a) (West 2011); Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann.
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contending appellant had no reasonable expectation of privacy in his telephone call,
under the Fourth Amendment. See Hudson v. Palmer, 468 U.S. 517, 525-26, 104 S. Ct.
3194, 82 L. Ed. 2d 393 (1984) (addressing reasonableness of expectation of privacy in
prison cell); State v. Scheineman, 77 S.W.3d 810, 811 (Tex.Crim.App. 2002) (arrestee
in custody in county law enforcement building).
As a prerequisite to presenting a complaint for appellate review, the record must
reflect that the complaint was made to the trial court by a timely request, objection, or
motion that stated the grounds for the ruling the complaining party sought from the trial
court with sufficient specificity to make the trial court aware of the complaint. See Tex.
R. App. P. 33.1(a); see also Tex. R. Evid. 103 (error may not be predicated upon a
ruling that admits evidence unless a timely objection or motion to strike appears of
record, stating the specific ground of the objection, if the specific ground was not
apparent from the context). Rules 33.1 and 103 are "judge protecting" rules of error
preservation. See Martinez v. State, 91 S.W.3d 331, 335 (Tex.Crim.App. 2002). The
basic principle of both rules is that of "party responsibility." Id. Thus, the party
complaining on appeal about a trial court's admission of evidence must, at the earliest
opportunity, have done everything necessary to bring to the judge's attention the ground
in question and its precise and proper application to the evidence in question. Id. at 335-
36. Moreover, when trial objections do not comport with the complaints raised on
art. 18.20 (West 2011). It also contains affirmative defenses to prosecution, including
one applicable to persons who take certain actions while “acting under color of law.”
Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 16.02(c)(3) (West 2011). Appellant argues the affirmative
defense does not apply.
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appeal, nothing is preserved for review. Huerta v. State, 933 S.W.2d 648, 650
(Tex.App.—San Antonio 1996, no pet.).
Review of the record here shows appellant made no mention of the wiretapping
statute, or any other Texas statutory provision, in his objection to admission of the
recording of the telephone conversation. Accordingly, we are compelled to the
conclusion his first appellate issue presents nothing for our review. Id. at 650. It is
overruled.
Admission of Appellant’s Statement
In appellant’s second issue, he asserts the trial court erred when it admitted his
statement to detectives because it was not a voluntary statement due to appellant’s
intoxication that night. We must agree with the State’s contention the issue is not
preserved for our review.
At trial, appellant objected to the admission of his statement to police on two
bases: (1) the oral statement was not reduced to writing and not signed by appellant;
and (2) part of the oral statement was made prior to Miranda warnings being given. On
appeal, appellant argues his statement should not have been admitted because it was
involuntary as he was “high” and doesn’t remember what he said.
Appellant’s objections at trial were not sufficiently specific to inform the trial court
that the basis of his objections was involuntariness due to intoxication. Tex. R. App. P.
33.1(a); Tex. R. Evid. 103. Further, appellant’s objections at trial do not comport with
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his complaint on appeal. Huerta, 933 S.W.2d at 650. Consequently, the issue is not
preserved for our review.3 We overrule appellant’s second issue.
Sufficiency of the Evidence
By his third issue, appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support
his conviction. In reviewing its sufficiency, we examine the evidence to determine
whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the offense
beyond a reasonable doubt. Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 895 (Tex.Crim.App.
2010), citing Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979);
Vodochodsky v. State, 158 S.W.3d 502, 509 (Tex.Crim.App. 2005). We review all the
evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict and assume the trier of fact resolved
conflicts in the testimony, weighed the evidence, and drew reasonable inferences in a
manner that supports the verdict. Rollerson v. State, 227 S.W.3d 718, 724
(Tex.Crim.App. 2007).
Appellant’s argument focuses on the proof he acted with the required culpable
mental state. He recognizes aggravated assault like that charged here is a result-of-
conduct offense. Landrian v. State, 268 S.W.3d 532, 533, 537 (Tex.Crim.App. 2008).
3
Even if it were preserved for review, we could not resolve this issue in
appellant’s favor. Voluntary intoxication does not render a statement involuntary. It is
“but one relevant factor to consider in determining whether an accused understood his
rights.” Ripkowski v. State, 61 S.W.3d 378, 384 (Tex.Crim.App. 2001), citing Jones v.
State, 944 S.W.2d 642, 651 (Tex.Crim.App. 1996), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 832, 139
L. Ed. 2d 54, 118 S. Ct. 100 (1997). Our review of the record shows the trial court heard
evidence indicating appellant understood his rights and his statement was voluntarily
made.
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Under the indictment, with regard to the culpable mental state, the proof required was
that appellant intentionally, knowingly or recklessly caused serious bodily injury to Essix.
That appellant shot Essix was not disputed. The jury had before it appellant’s
testimony that he intended to shoot Essix each time he shot him. It also had appellant’s
statement to police that he told Essix to “say [his] prayers” before he shot him.
Appellant chased Essix across a highway and shot him at close range while Essix was
lying on the ground. Before the jury also was the medical evidence Essix was shot
three times in the chest and abdomen, arrived at the hospital in “unstable” condition,
and received surgery to treat his wounds. Viewed in the proper light, the evidence
appellant acted with the required culpable mental state, that is, caused serious bodily
injury to Essix “intentionally, knowingly or recklessly,” was sufficient.
The charge also contained an instruction authorizing the jury to find appellant
was justified in shooting Essix because he acted in self-defense. See Tex. Penal Code
Ann. § 9.31 (West 2012) (defining requirements of justification of self-defense). A
defendant has the burden of producing some evidence to support a claim of self-
defense. McClesky v. State, 224 S.W.3d 405, 409 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006,
pet. ref'd). Once the defendant meets this burden, the burden shifts to the State; the
State then has the burden of persuasion to disprove the claim of self-defense. Id. This
does not require the State to produce evidence. Id. Instead, the State need only prove
its case beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. Therefore, “to convict a defendant after he has
raised self-defense, the State must prove the elements of the offense beyond a
reasonable doubt, and persuade the jury beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant
did not kill in self-defense.” Id. The issue is a factual one to be determined by the jury,
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which may accept or reject the claim of self-defense. Id.; see Saxton v. State, 804
S.W.2d 910, 913-14 (Tex.Crim.App. 1991) (self-defense is a fact issue for the jury,
“which is free to accept or reject the defensive issue”); Sparks v. State, 177 S.W.3d 127,
131 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2005, no pet.) (only the jury decides whether to
reject or accept a properly raised defensive theory). A finding of guilt by the trier of fact
implies a finding against self-defense. McClesky, 224 S.W.3d at 409.
Appellant may be contending on appeal that the State failed to meet its burden to
persuade the jury beyond a reasonable doubt that he did not shoot Essix in self-
defense. We cannot agree with such a contention. On the evidence it heard, the jury
was free to reject appellant’s self-defense theory. Saxton, 804 S.W.2d at 913-14. The
evidence we have recited as tending to prove appellant’s intent to cause Essix injury
also tends to disprove a contention he acted in self-defense. Further, witnesses
testified they never saw Essix with a gun or weapon or make any threatening gestures
toward appellant. It was the jury’s task to resolve the differences in appellant’s version
of the events and the version presented through the State’s witnesses. Rollerson, 227
S.W.3d at 724.
We find the evidence supporting conviction sufficient, and overrule appellant’s
third issue. Having resolved each of appellant’s issues against him, we affirm the
judgment of the trial court.
James T. Campbell
Justice
Do not publish.
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